GRG constraints from ML and Bayesian inf. J/A+A/691/A185 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/691/A185 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36910185 CDS Mostert R.I.J. Oei M.S.S.L. Barkus B. Alegre L. Hardcastle M.J.,Duncan K.J. Rottgering H.J.A. van Weeren R.J. Horton M. 2025-02-27T20:02:06Z 2024-12-24T10:45:31Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr radio-galaxies active-galactic-nuclei surveys radio-sources Large-scale sky surveys at low frequencies, like the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), allow for the detection and characterisation of unprecedented numbers of giant radio galaxies (GRGs, or 'giants'). This, in turn, enables us to study giants in a cosmological context. A tantalising prospect of such studies is a measurement of the contribution of giants to cosmic magnetogenesis. However, finding large GRG samples requires the creation of radio-optical catalogues for well-resolved radio sources and a suitable statistical framework to infer intrinsic GRG population properties. By automating the creation of radio--optical catalogues, we aim to expand significantly the census of known giants. With the resulting sample and a forward model mindful of selection effects, we aim to constrain their intrinsic length distribution, number density, and lobe volume-filling fraction (VFF) in the Cosmic Web. We combine five existing codes into a single machine learning-driven (ML) pipeline that automates radio source component association and optical host identification for well-resolved radio sources. We create a radio--optical catalogue for the entire LoTSS Data Release 2 (DR2) footprint and subsequently select all sources that qualify as possible giants. We combine the list of ML pipeline GRG candidates with an existing list of LoTSS DR2 crowd-sourced GRG candidates and visually confirm or reject all members of the merged sample. To infer intrinsic GRG properties from GRG observations, we develop further a population-based forward model and constrain its parameters using Bayesian inference. Roughly half of all radio sources that our ML pipeline identifies as giants (of at least l_(p,GRG)_ 0.7Mpc long) indeed turn out to be upon visual inspection, whereas the success rate is one in eleven for the previous best giant-finding ML technique in the literature. We confirm 5647 previously unknown giants from the crowd-sourced LoTSS DR2 catalogue and 2597 previously unknown giants from the ML pipeline. Our confirmations and discoveries bring the total number of known giants to at least 11,585. Our forward model for the intrinsic GRG population is able to provide a good fit to the data. Our posterior indicates that the projected lengths of giants are consistent with a curved power law probability density function whose initial tail index xi(l_(p,GRG)_)=-2.8+/-0.2 changes by {Delta}xi=-2.4+/-0.3 over the interval up to l_p_=5Mpc. We predict a comoving GRG number density n_GRG_=13+/-10(100Mpc)^-3^, close to a current estimate of the number density of luminous non-giant radio galaxies. With the projected length distribution, number density, and additional assumptions, we derive a current-day GRG lobe VFF V_(GRG-CW)_(z=0)=1.1+/-0.9x10^-5^ in clusters and filaments of the Cosmic Web. We have created a state-of-the-art ML-accelerated pipeline for finding giants, whose complex morphologies, arcminute extents, and radio-emitting surroundings pose challenges. Our data analysis suggests that giants are more common than previously thought. More work is needed to make estimates of the GRG lobe VFF reliable, but the first results indicate that it is possible that magnetic fields originating from giants permeate significant (~10%) fractions of today's Cosmic Web. 2024A&A...691A.185M https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/691/A185 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/A+A/635/A5 : LoTSS giant radio galaxies. I. (Dabhade+, 2020) J/MNRAS/497/5383 : GMRT 610-MHz survey of ELAIS N1 (Ishwara-Chandra+, 2020) J/other/Galax/9.99 : Giant Radio Galaxies in RACS (Andernach+, 2021) J/A+A/660/A59 : SAGAN III. New insights into giant radio quasars J/MNRAS/515/2032 : LoTSS Bootes Deep Field Giant Radio Galaxies J/A+A/672/A163 : Properties of the 2060 giant radio galaxies (Oei+, 2023) J/A+A/678/A151 : LoTSS DR2 optical IDs (Hardcastle+, 2023) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/691/A185 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/691/A185/catalog (Newly discovered GRG and existing GRG) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A185/catalog? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A185/catalog? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/691/A185/catalog? 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20313-20315 20317-20322 20328 20330-20332 20334-20335 20349 20356 20358-20359 20365-20368 20370 20373-20374 20376 20378-20379 20392 20395 20397-20398 20400-20401 20403-20405 20408-20409 20411 20413 20415 20424-20425 20427-20430 20432 20434 20436-20437 20450 20461 20466 20554 20881 21587 21844 21871 21877 21957 21972 22001 22015 22354 22397 22486 22513 23049 23138 23259 23296 23454 23460 23486 23527 23810 24023 24112 24475 24608 24701 24772 24884 25269 25309 25330 25391 25393 25402 25580 25704 25718 25834 25843 25854 25880 25912 25936-25937 25950 25970 25976 26057 26064 26069 26079 26098 26109 26210 26257 26263 26375 26394 26455 26469 26511 26531 26622 26671 26863 26874 26969 26977 26979 27013 27016 27021 27065 27080 27203 27207 27256 27258 27261 27277 27310 27333 27430 27434 27463 27506 27520 27578 27589 27594 27599 27602 27608 27611-27612 27621 27638 27647 27681 27741 27745 27814 27821 27855 27860 27871 27878 27881 27886 27893 27897 27927 27944 27968 27982 27994 28005 28016 28020 28027 28029 28031 28040 28046 28055 28062-28063 28065 28069 28071 28093 28101 28103 28105 28109 28111 28115 28117-28122 28131-28132 28145 28147 28149-28151 28154-28155 28157 28159 28164 28169 28174 28176-28177 28184 28188 28193 28197-28198 28202 28204 28215 28234 28246 28252 28265 28279 28310 28328 28330 28340 28356 28363 28367 28376 28378 28386 28395 28400 28409-28410 28412 28414-28415 28419 28421 28429 28431-28432 28435 28443 28447 28453 28456 28458 28460 28463-28464 28466 28470-28471 28473 28476 28478-28479 28481 28487 28492-28493 28495 28497-28498 28504 28506-28508 28510-28511 28524-28525 28533 28535 28540-28542 28545 28550 28554 28556-28557 28559 28561 28565-28566 28568 28570-28571 28573-28576 28578-28579 28582-28583 28596 28598 28608-28609 28611 28616-28618 28632-28634 28636-28637 28639 28648 28650-28654 28656-28657 28659 28664 28667 28908 30103 30885 31294 31337 31413 31423 31425 31432 31464 31467-31468 31470-31471 31478 31581 31623 31625 31635 31640-31641 31646 31649 31662 31676 31712 31718 31722-31723 31736 31842 31995 32183 32190 32329 32344 32441 32459 32470 32500 32503 32506 32508 32511 32571 32579 32605 32614 32618 32622-32623 32627 32629 32631 32635 32638 32654 32659 32662 32665-32668 32670-32673 32675-32676 32678-32679 32684 32686-32688 32690-32691 32693-32694 32697-32700 32702 32707 32709 32711 32716-32717 32720 32722 32724 32726 32730-32731 32736 32739 32745-32747 32753-32754 32759 32764 32766-32767 32792 32838 32875 32878 32897 33065 33375 33743 33748 33753 33761 33765 34007 34011 34016 34022 34025 34032 34040 34062 34067 34083 34093 34118 34125 34135 34141 34145 34151-34152 34156 34176 34178 34180 34185 34195 34200 34202 34213 34224 34226 34303 34325 34329-34330 34342 34353 34356-34357 34359 34365 34367 34373 34376 34379 34385 34402 34417 34441-34442 34456 34484 34498 34561 34653 34661 34777 34782 34785 34899 35006 35025 35029 35036 35042 35044 35050 35054 35056-35057 35060-35061 35064 35068-35069 35094 35098 35112 35128 35132 35142 35154 35171 35201 35206 35222 35235 35240-35241 35250 35264 35341 35343 35350 35352-35353 35356 35365 35373 35376 35378 35398 35406 35415 35422 35427 35433 35460 35462 35478 35496 35503 35624 35663 35702 35764 36000 36094 36203 36435 36717 36728 36803 36816 36845 37112 37454 37627 38255 38898 39088 39464 39471 39561-39562 39722 40105 40239 40268 40433 41095 41132 41241 42683 42743 43104 44075 44297 44668 44729 45006 45026 45103 45197 45440 45526 45617 46034 46053-46054 46057 46061 46075 46101 46270-46271 46285 46294 46297 46299 46314-46315 46319-46320 46326 46355 46364-46365 46372 46380 46393 46419 46428 46440-46441 46471 46475 46487 46493 46497 46503 46507 46567-46568 46571 46576 46578 46581-46585 46588 46590-46591 46607 46614 46630 46644 46650 46674 46676-46677 46680 46691 46696 46706 46731 46754 46764 46849 46851 46877-46879 46903 46912-46913 46915 46924-46926 46932 46936 46938 46944 46946 47377 47391 47428 47442 47453 47462 47465 47470 47543 47894 48318 48335 48614 49012 49078 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/691/A185?format=ascii Radio default J/A+A/691/A185/catalog Newly discovered GRG and existing GRG LengthAng Giant radio galaxy angular length (angular_length_(arcmin)) arcmin phys.angSize double z Redshift (redshift_(1)) src.redshift double e_z ? Redshift error (redshift_error_(1)) stat.error;src.redshift double nullable Ref Publication used (publication_used) (1) meta.bib char FistDisc First discovered by (first_discovered_by) (1) meta.bib char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Name Gian radio galaxy name, ILTJHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s if known, else empty (giant_radio_galaxy_name) meta.id;meta.main char RAJ2000 Host right ascension (J2000) (host_RA_(deg)) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 Host declination (J2000) (host_DEC_(deg)) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed LengthMpc Giant radio galaxy proper length estimate (projected_proper_length_(Mpc)) Mpc src.morph.scLength double e_LengthMpc ? Giant radio galaxy proper length estimate error (projected_proper_length_error_(Mpc)) Mpc stat.error double nullable