J/A+A/690/A284ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/690/A284doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nj/lcieCDSShetye S.S.Viviani G.Anderson R.I.Mowlavi N.Eyer L.Evans N.R.,Szabados L.2026-07-03T06:36:12Z2025-05-05T13:27:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsspectroscopic-binary-starsorbitsClassical Cepheids provide valuable insights into the evolution of stellar multiplicity among intermediate-mass stars. Here, we present a systematic investigation of single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s) based on high-precision velocities measured by the VELOcities of CEpheids (VELOCE) project. We detected 76 (29%) SB1 systems among the 258 Milky Way Cepheids in the first VELOCE data release, 32 (43%) of which were not previously known to be SB1 systems. We determined 30 precise and three tentative orbital solutions, 18 (53%) of which are reported for the first time. This large set of Cepheid orbits provides a detailed view of the eccentricity e and orbital period Porb distribution among evolved intermediate-mass stars, ranging from e{in}[0.0,0.8] and Porb{in}[240,9000] d. The orbital motion on timescales exceeding the 11yr VELOCE baseline was investigated using a template-fitting technique applied to literature data. Particularly interesting objects include (a) R Cru, the Cepheid with the shortest orbital period in the Milky Way (~238d); (b) ASAS J103158-5814.7, a short-period overtone Cepheid exhibiting time-dependent pulsation amplitudes as well as orbital motion; and (c) 17 triple systems with outer visual companions, among other interesting objects. Most VELOCE Cepheids (21/23) that exhibit evidence of a companion based on a Gaia proper motion anomaly are also spectroscopic binaries, whereas the remaining do not exhibit significant (>3{sigma}) orbital radial velocity variations. Gaia quality flags, notably the renormalized unit weight error (RUWE), do not allow Cepheid binaries to be identified reliably although statistically the average RUWE of SB1 Cepheids is slightly higher than that of non-SB1 Cepheids. A comparison with Gaia photometric amplitudes in G-, Bp, and Rp also does not allow one to identify spectroscopic binaries among the full VELOCE sample, indicating that the photometric amplitudes in this wavelength range are not sufficiently informative of companion stars.2024A&A...690A.284Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/690/A284CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/686/A177 : VELOCE I. Cepheids High-precision RVs (Anderson+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A284https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A284http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A284https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A284https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A284http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A284GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A284/table1 (binary Cepheids and candidates from the literature considered here)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A284/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A284/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A284/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true119.5920364-29.13009420.0055555555555555566/1239 1340 1426 1432 1445 3045 3061 3261 3361-3362 3600 4095 12934 12971 13288 13961 14239 14262 14301 14436 14607 14625 14629 14637 14718 15632-15633 22071 22115 22221 23622 23662 23808 23936 24372 24411 28713 28717 28779 28916 29032 29081 29089 29095 29126 29166 29249 29772 30128 30245 30258 30322 30333 30646 30688 32074 33804 37223 37245 37336 37340 37357 37362 37713 37757 37829 37869-37870 37923 37927 37929 38022 38024 38049 39125 39217 39244 39348 39771 39790 39892 39908 39933 41383 41461 41605 41608 41667 41673 41697 41722 41737 41761 41794 41813 42185 42496 42820 43022 43047https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/690/A284?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/690/A284/table1binary Cepheids and candidates from the literature considered hereSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates more data in tables 2-5meta.ref.urlcharSet[ABCD] Set (1)meta.codecharCepheidCepheid name (from Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryGaiaDR3? Gaia DR3 source ID (from Simbad)meta.idnullableVmag? V magnitude (from Simbad)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableGmag? G magnitude (from Simbad)magphot.mag;em.optfloatnullablePpulsPulsation period from Paper Idtime.periodfloatStatusStatus (2)meta.codecharRefReferences (3)meta.refcharEvidEvidence (4)meta.codecharn_Evid[1] Note on Evid (5)meta.notecharTriple?[Y] indicates whether the star is likely part of a triple system, usually involving a visually resolved companion.meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/690/A284/table2Orbital elements of the new spectroscopic binary Cepheids' orbits presented in this worke_PorbOrbital period errordstat.errorfloatfmassMass functionphys.massdoubleomega? Argument of periastrondegsrc.orbital.periastronfloatnullableM1? Cepheid mass (4)solMassphys.massfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[ABCD] Set (1)meta.codecharCepheidCepheid namemeta.id;meta.maincharPpuls? Pulsation period (2)dtime.periodfloatnullableT0Time of minima (JD-2400000) (2)dtime.epochdoubledataType of data (3)meta.notecharPorbOrbital perioddtime.periodfloate? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullableKRadial velocity semi-amplitudekm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatasiniProjected semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatrmsRoot mean square of the fit between the Fourier+Keplerian model and the RV data for V orbits and between the keplerian model and epoch residuals for V+L orbitskm/sstat.errorfloate_T0Time of minima errordstat.errorfloatFigOrbital figure number in ExtraData-2.pdf filemeta.idinte_e? Eccentriciy errorstat.errorfloatnullablee_KRadial velocity semi-amplitude errorkm/sstat.errorfloate_asiniProjected semi-major axis erroraustat.errorfloate_fmassMass function errorstat.errordoublee_omega? Argument of periastron errordegstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/690/A284/table3Orbital elements of VELOCE SB1 Cepheids with literature-known orbitsomega? Argument of periastrondegsrc.orbital.periastronfloatnullableM1? Cepheid mass (4)solMassphys.massfloatnullablermsRoot mean square of the fit between the Fourier+Keplerian model and the RV data for V orbits and between the keplerian model and epoch residuals for V+L orbitskm/sstat.errorfloate_T0Time of minima errordstat.errorfloate_e? Eccentriciy errorstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[ABCD] Set (1)meta.codecharCepheidCepheid namemeta.id;meta.maincharPpuls? Pulsation period (2)dtime.periodfloatnullableT0Time of minima (JD-2400000) (2)dtime.epochdoubledataType of data (3)meta.notecharPorbOrbital perioddtime.periodfloate? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullableKRadial velocity semi-amplitudekm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatasiniProjected semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatfmassMass functionphys.massdoubleFigOrbital figure number in ExtraData-2.pdf filemeta.idinte_PorbOrbital period errordstat.errorfloate_KRadial velocity semi-amplitude errorkm/sstat.errorfloate_asiniProjected semi-major axis erroraustat.errorfloate_fmassMass function errorstat.errordoublee_omega? Argument of periastron errordegstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/690/A284/table4List of SB1 from our where we found some evidence of orbital motion, and a polynomial was fitted as the orbit could not be sampled or covered adequatelyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[AB] Set (1)meta.codecharCepheidCepheid namemeta.id;meta.mainchardegDegree of polynomial used in our analysismeta.numberintA2p2Peak-to-peak amplitude of the (linear or nonlinear) v variationkm/sarith.rate;src.var.amplitudefloatDeltaT2p2Timeline over which this amplitude was computeddtime.intervalintTrendDirection of the trend, up for increasing velocity, down for decreasingmeta.codecharJ/A+A/690/A284/table5Gaia astrometry and PMa tags for the confirmed SB1 Cepheids within VELOCErecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet[ABC] Set (1)meta.codecharCepheidCepheid namemeta.id;meta.maincharRUWE? Gaia RUWEstat.errorfloatnullableBinflag[0/1]? Binflag Star from PMa (2)meta.codeintnullable