J/A+A/690/A185ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/690/A185doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36900185CDSWells M.R.A.Beuther H.Molinari S.Schilke P.Battersby C.Ho P.,Sanchez-Monge A.Jones B.Scheuck M.B.Syed J.Gieser C.Kuiper R.,Elia D.Coletta A.Traficante A.Wallace J.Rigby A.J.Klessen R.S.,Zhang Q.Walch S.Beltran M.T.Tang Y.Fuller G.A.Lis D.C.,Moeller T.van der Tak F.Klaassen P.D.Clarke S.D.Moscadelli L.,Mininni C.Zinnecker H.Maruccia Y.Pezzuto S.Benedettini M.,Soler J.D.Brogan C.L.Avison A.Sanhueza P.Schisano E.Liu T.,Fontani F.Rygl K.L.J.Wyrowski F.Bally J.Walker D.L.Ahmadi A.,Koch P.Merello M.Law C.Y.Testi L.2025-02-24T20:01:44Z2024-10-08T11:16:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-astronomyinterstellar-mediumaccretionInvestigating the flow of material along filamentary structures towards the central core can help provide insights into high-mass star formation and evolution. Our main motivation is to answer the question of what the properties of accretion flows are in star-forming clusters. We used data from the ALMA Evolutionary Study of High Mass Protocluster Formation in the Galaxy (ALMAGAL) survey to study 100 ALMAGAL regions at a ~1" resolution, located between ~2 and 6kpc. Making use of the ALMAGAL ~1.3mm line and continuum data, we estimated flow rates onto individual cores. We focus specifically on flowrates along filamentary structures associated with these cores. Our primary analysis is centered around position velocity cuts in H_2_CO (3_0,3_-2_0,2_), which allow us to measure the velocity fields surrounding these cores. Combining this work with column density estimates, we were able to derive the flow rates along the extended filamentary structures associated with cores in these regions. Results. We selected a sample of 100 ALMAGAL regions, covering four evolutionary stages from quiescent to protostellar, young stellar objects (YSOs), and Hii regions (25 each). Using a dendrogram and line analysis, we identify a final sample of 182 cores in 87 regions. In this paper, we present 728 flow rates for our sample (4 per core), analysed in the context of evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass. On average, for the whole sample, we derived flow rates on the order of ~10^-4^M/yr with estimated uncertainties of +/-50%. We see increasing differences in the values among evolutionary stages, most notably between the less evolved (quiescent and protostellar) and more evolved (YSO and HII region) sources and we also see an increasing trend as we move further away from the centre of these cores. We also find a clear relationship between the calculated flow rates and core masses ~M^2/3^, which is in line with the result expected from the tidal- lobe accretion mechanism. The significance of these relationships is tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney U tests. Overall, we see an increasing trend in the relationships between the flow rate and the three investigated parameters, namely: evolutionary stage, distance from the core, and core mass.2024A&A...690A.185Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/690/A185CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A185https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A185http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A185https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A185https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A185http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A185GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A185/tabled1 (Source parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A185/tabled1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A185/tabled1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A185/tabled1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true278.24779-9.332440.0055555555555555565/7564 6/29097 29510 29526 29532 29535 30218-30219 30244-30245 30262-30263 30268 37934 41653 41655 41675 41677-41678 41682-41683 41767 41772 41781 41814-41816 41820 42159 42170 42225-42226 42228 42379 42387 42390 42398 42436-42438 42496 42512https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/690/A185?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/690/A185/tabled1Source parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintALMAGALSource name in ALMAGAL catalogue (AGLLL.llll+B.bbbb)meta.id;meta.maincharIDInternal source namemeta.idintGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latVLSRALMAGAL LSR velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatDistALMAGAL Distancepcpos.distanceintMassALMAGAL MasssolMassphys.massintLumALMAGAL LuminositysolLumphys.luminosityintModelTempTemperature estimateKphys.temperatureintClassStellar classificationsrc.classchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedJ/A+A/690/A185/tabled2Core parametersMasscoreCore mass estimatesolMassphys.massfloatIdx[0/7] Astrodendro core ID numbermeta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDInternal source namemeta.idintXoffsetCore offset from source central position (x)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatYoffsetCore offset from source central position (y)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatFlowRateLoutOuter left flowrate0.0001solMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossfloatFlowRateLinInner left flowrate0.0001solMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossfloatFlowRateRinInner right flowrate0.0001solMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossfloatFlowRateRoutOuter right flowrate0.0001solMass.yr**-1phys.mass.lossfloat