J/A+A/690/A163ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/690/A163doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36900163CDSWagenveld J.D.Kloeckner H.-R.Gupta N.Sekhar S.Jagannathan P.,Deka P.P.Balashev S.A.Borgaonkar D.Chatterjee A.Combes F.,Emig K.L.Gaunekar A.N.Hilton M.Jozsa G.I.G.Klutse D.Y.Knowles K.,Krogager J.-K.Momjian E.Muller S.Sikhosana S.P.2025-02-24T20:01:35Z2024-10-08T11:01:09ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysactive-galactic-nucleiradio-continuum-emissionredshiftedWe present the second data release of the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS), consisting of wideband continuum catalogues of 391 pointings observed at L band. The full wideband catalogue covers 4344deg^2^ of sky, reaches a depth of 10{mu}Jy/beam, and contains 971980 sources. With its balance between survey depth and sky coverage, MALS DR2 covers five orders of magnitude of flux density, presenting a robust view of the extragalactic radio source population down to 200{mu}Jy. Using this catalogue, we perform a measurement of the cosmic radio dipole, an anisotropy in the number counts of radio sources with respect to the cosmic background, analogous to the dipole found in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). For this measurement, we present the characterisation of completeness and noise properties of the catalogue, and show that a declination-dependent systematic affects the number density of faint sources. In the dipole measurement on the MALS catalogue, we recover reasonable dipole measurements once we model the declination systematic with a linear fit between the size of the major axis of the restoring beam and the amount of sources of each pointing. The final results are consistent with the CMB dipole in terms of direction and amplitude, unlike many recent measurements of the cosmic radio dipole made with other centimetre wavelength catalogues, which generally show a significantly larger amplitude. This result demonstrates the value of dipole measurements with deeper and more sparse radio surveys, as the population of faint sources probed may have had a significant impact on the measured dipole.2024A&A...690A.163Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/690/A163CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/673/A113 : MALS ten pointings continuum catalogue (Wagenveld+ 2023)J/ApJS/270/33 : MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS). I. DR1 (Deka+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A163https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A163http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A163https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A163https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A163http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A163GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A163/all (Source catalogue)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/all?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/all?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/all?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.6393215479601-12.74902524998540.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A163/gauss (Gaussian component catalogue)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/gauss?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/gauss?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A163/gauss?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.04722620205586.00062955840150.0055555555555555564/10 35 38 388 1084 1086 1094 1182 1537 1556 1562 1584-1585 1624 1678 1929 1943 1980 2098 2479 2557 2742 2775 2800 2941 2998 3045 3056 5/2-3 7-9 11 13 24 28 30-31 35 38-39 44-45 50 56 58 81-83 144-145 1039 1061 1072 1089 1092-1093 1104-1105 1129-1131 1204-1205 2051 2057-2061 2063-2065 2067 2074 2080 2177-2179 2182 2185-2187 2225 2228 2346 2432 2594 2600 3102-3103 3125 3150-3151 3172 3200-3201 3364 3366 4151 4157 4170 4180-4181 4183 4189 4191-4192 4194 4196-4197 4200 4255 4267 4277 4289 4291 4294-4295 4304-4306 4320-4321 4342 4352-4354 4367 4371-4373 4380-4381 4383 4395 4400-4401 4403 4410-4411 4413 4415 4434 4440-4441 4451 4454 4481 4484 4494-4497 4502 4508-4509 4511 4533 4549 4560 4562 4576 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43516-43517 43519 43581-43583 43600 43618-43619 43646 43677 43695 43708 43710-43711 43724-43725 43736 43749 43751 43755 43762 43784-43785 43788-43790 43792 43794 43796-43797 43837 43839 43851 43861 43866 43888 43890 43896 43918-43919 43930-43932 43934-43935 43937-43939 43945 43947 43960-43962 43964-43965 43967-43969 43972 43978 43985 43997 44004 44006-44007 44063 44083 44092-44093 44095 44106-44107 44109-44111 44114 44126 44136-44138 44141 44148 44152 44173-44175 44178 44190-44191 44204-44205 44212-44213 44215-44216 44227 44236 44238-44239 44264-44265 44268 44303 44314-44315 44318 44333 44340 44342 44348 44378-44379 44389 44391 44396-44397 44399 44489-44491 44497 44500-44501 44503 44506 44512-44513 44515 44524-44525 44528-44530 44544 44578 44590 44631 44636-44637 44639 44661 44676 44680 44797 44799 44819 44824-44825 44827 44832-44833 44835-44836 44845-44847 44849 44861-44862 44868 44870-44871 44900 44902-44903 44914 44926 44948 44950 44952-44953 44961-44963 44966 45165-45167 45170-45171 45252-45253 45255 45268 45371 45374-45375 45418 45447 45453 45464-45465 45468-45469 45478-45479 45481-45483 45496 45498-45499 45504 45506 45727 45747 45768 45770-45771 45800-45802 45824-45825 45827 45840 45903 45907 45924-45925 45927 45940 46143 46150-46151 46153-46155 46162-46163 46166-46167 46172 46177 46192 46194 46200-46202 46205 46207 46229 46261 46272-46273 46281-46283 46290 46293 46300 46304-46305 46313-46315 46320 46328 46330 46371 46374-46375 46386 46390-46391 46434-46435 46438 46444 46446 46451 46464-46465 46468-46469 46471 46473-46475 46484-46486 46496-46497 46500-46501 46503 46516 46525-46529 46544-46545 46547-46549 46561-46563 46566 46572-46574 46613 46645-46647 46650 46653 46660-46662 46666-46667 46670-46672 46692-46694 46696-46697 46718 46725-46727 46729 46740 46742 46757-46759 46763 46780-46781 46783 46785 46787 46794 46812-46814 46828-46829 46831 46836 46840 46867 46873 46875 46900-46901 46905-46907 46920-46922 46954 46957 46959 46961-46964 46966-46967 46978 46981 47001 47004 47040 47047 47053 47089 47092 47124-47125 47447 47451 47472-47473 47475 47482-47486 47557-47559 47564-47565 47567 47572 47574 47580 47707-47708 47710-47711 47719 47725 47740 47834 47843 47849 47851 47862 47864-47866 47879 47883 47888 47890-47891 47902 47904-47905 47917 47924 47927-47928 47933 47947 47950 47986 47992 48065 48129 48144 48147 48156-48157 48159-48160 48162 48196 48198 48200-48202 48221-48223 48241 48243 48252-48253 48358-48359 48363 48368 48370-48371 48380 48382 48391-48392 48394-48395 48408 48410-48411 48424 48428-48429 48432-48434 48553-48555 48558 48565-48567 48608 48610-48611 48614 48620 48622 48709 48719 48752-48753 48755-48758 48771 48773-48775 48777-48779 48790-48791 48801 48816-48818 48820-48821 48823-48824 48829 48835 48838 48858 48876-48878 48880 48890-48891 48894 48917 48926-48927 48929 48949 48952 48955 48960-48961 48963 48972 48974-48975 49000-49002 49040-49041 49043 49052-49053 49055 49078 49081 49083 49096 49128 49130-49131https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/690/A163?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/690/A163/allSource cataloguerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPointingPointing where the source is found (Pointing_id)meta.idcharDateLObservation date(s) and time(s) of pointing at L band (Obs_date_L)time.epochcharObsband[L] Observing band: L = L band (Obs_band)meta.codecharFluxcalCalibrators used for flux and bandpass calibration (Fluxcal)meta.idcharSPWPortion of the band used for creating the image (SPW_id)obs.imagechareFluxSysSystematic error on total flux density (Total_flux_E_sys)mJystat.errordoubleFluxTotmeasMeasured total flux density (differs from Total_flux in DR1) (Total_flux_measured)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublee_FluxTotmeasError on measured total flux density (Total_flux_measured_E)mJystat.errordoubleFluxPPeak flux density (Peak_flux)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublee_FluxPError on peak flux density (Peak_flux_E)mJy/beamstat.errordoubleFluxIslTotal flux of associated island of emission (Isl_Total_flux)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublee_FluxIslError on total flux of island (Isl_Total_flux_E)mJystat.errordoubleIslrmsAverage background RMS noise of island (Isl_rms)mJy/beaminstr.background;stat.meandoubleFluxscaleReference flux scale used for flux calibration (Fluxscale)instr.scalecharRefFreqReference frequency of the image (Ref_freq)MHzem.freqdoubleMajaxisMajor axis of restoring beam (Maj_restoring_beam)arcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamdoubleMinaxisMinor axis of restoring beam (Min_restoring_beam)arcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamdoublePA[] Position angle of restoring beam (PA_restoring_beam)degpos.posAng;instr.beamdoublesigma1[0] RMS noise measured in an annular ring at FWHM of the primary beam (DR1 only) (sigma_1)instr.det.noisefloatsigma2[0] RMS noise measured in an annular ring at twice the FWHM of the primary beam (DR1 only) (sigma_2)instr.det.noisefloatsigma20RMS noise value at a cumulative fraction of 0.2 of the rms noise distribution of the image (sigma_20)instr.det.noisedoubleNameSource name following IAU convention JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s (Source_name)meta.id;meta.maincharDistPtgDistance of source from pointing centre (Distance_pointing)arcminpos.angDistancedoubleSepNNDistance of source to nearest neighbour (Distance_NN)arcminpos.angDistancedoubleSCode[SMC] PyBDSF source flag (S_Code) (1)meta.codecharNGaus[1/94] Number of Gaussian components fit to source (N_Gaus)meta.numberintMGaussMax? Maximum separation between Gaussian components in source (Maxsep_Gauss)pos.angDistance;stat.maxdoublenullableMajFWHMFWHM of major axis (Maj)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_MajFWHMError on major axis (Maj_E)arcsecstat.errordoubleMinFWHMFWHM of minor axis (Min)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_MinFWHMError on minor axis (Min_E)arcsecstat.errordoublePAMaj[0/180] Position angle of major axis (PA)degpos.posAngdoublee_PAMajError on position angle (PA_E)degstat.errordoubleDCMajFWHM of deconvolved major axis (DC_Maj)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_DCMajError on deconvolved major axis (DC_Maj_E)arcsecstat.errordoubleDCMinFWHM of deconvolved minor axis (DC_Min)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_DCMinError on deconvolved minor axis (DC_Min_E)arcsecstat.errordoubleDCPA[0/180] Position angle of deconvolved major axis (DC_PA)degpos.posAngdoublee_DCPAError on deconvolved position angle (DC_PA_E)degstat.errordoubleRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) (RA_mean)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RAJ2000Error in Right Ascension (RA_mean_E)degstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC_mean)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DEJ2000Error in Declination (DEC_mean_E)degstat.error;pos.eq.decdoubleRAMdegRight Ascension of maximum (J2000) (RA_max)degpos.eq.rae_RAMdegError on right ascension of maximum (RA_max_E)degstat.errordoubleDEMdegDeclination of maximum (J2000) (DEC_max)degpos.eq.dece_DEMdegError on declination of maximum (DEC_max_E)degstat.errordoubleFluxTotTotal flux density of Gaussian components (Total_flux)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublee_FluxTotError on total flux density (Total_flux_E)mJystat.errordoubleeFluxFitFitting error on total flux density (Total_flux_E_fit)mJystat.errordoubleIslmeanAverage background mean of island (Isl_mean)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoubleResidIslrmsAverage residual background RMS noise of island (Resid_Isl_rms)mJy/beamstat.fit.residual;instr.background;stat.meandoubleResidIslmeanAverage residual background mean of island (Resid_Isl_mean)mJy/beaminstr.det.noisedoubleFluxCorr[1/1] Correction factor applied to flux density (Flux_correction)mJy/beaminstr.paramfloatReal[false true] False detection flag (False: artifact, True: ok) (Real_source)meta.codecharRes[false true] Resolved flag (False: unresolved, True: resolved) (Resolved)meta.code.errorcharSpIndex? Spectral index determined from MFS image (Spectral_index)spect.indexdoublenullablee_SpIndex? Error on spectral index from MFS image (Spectral_index_E)stat.errordoublenullableSpIndexspw? Spectral windows used for spectral index measurement (Spectral_index_spwused)spect.indexcharSpIndexfit? Spectral index from spectral window fit (Spectral_index_spwfit)spect.indexdoublenullablee_SpIndexfit[-999/999]? Error on spectral index from spectral window fit (Spectral_index_spwfit_E)stat.errordoublenullablePBeamVSoftware and version of primary beam model used for primary beam correction (PBeamVersion)meta.version;instr.setup;meta.softwarecharJ/A+A/690/A163/gaussGaussian component catalogueDCPADeconvolved position angle (G_DC_PA)degpos.posAngdoubleMajMajor axis (G_Maj)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_DCMinError on deconvolved minor axis (G_DC_Min_E)arcsecstat.errordoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource name following IAU convention, MALS JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s (Source_name)meta.id.parentcharGIDID of Gaussian component (G_id)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) (G_RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RAJ2000Error in Right Ascension (G_RA_E)degstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (G_DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DEJ2000Error in Declination (G_DEC_E)degstat.error;pos.eq.decdoubleFpeakPeak flux density (G_Peak_flux)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzdoublee_FpeakError on peak flux density (G_Peak_flux_E)mJy/beamstat.errordoublee_MajError on major axis (G_Maj_E)arcsecstat.errordoubleMinMinor axis (G_Min)arcsecphys.angSize;srcdoublee_MinError on minor axis (G_Min_E)arcsecstat.error;stat.mindoublePAPosition angle (G_PA)degpos.posAngdoublee_PAError on position angle (G_PA_E)degstat.errordoubleDCMajDeconvolved major axis (G_DC_Maj)arcsecphys.angSizedoublee_DCMajError on deconvolved major axis (G_DC_Maj_E)arcsecstat.errordoubleDCMinDeconvolved minor axis (G_DC_Min)arcsecphys.angSize;srcdoublee_DCPAError on deconvolved position angle (G_DC_PA_E)degstat.errordouble