J/A+A/689/A53ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/689/A53doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36890053CDSBalsalobre-Ruza O.Lillo-Box J.Barrado D.Correia A.Faria J.P.,Figueira P.Leleu A.Robutel P.Santos N.Herrero-Cisneros E.2024-11-29T20:05:58Z2024-09-03T09:11:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyCo-orbital objects, also known as trojans, are frequently found in simulations of planetary system formation. In these configurations, a planet shares its orbit with other massive bodies. It is still unclear why there have not been any co-orbitals discovered thus far in exoplanetary systems (exotrojans) or even pairs of planets found in such a 1:1 mean motion resonance. Reconciling observations and theory is an open subject in the field. The main objective of the TROY project is to conduct an exhaustive search for exotrojans using diverse observational techniques. In this work, we analyze the radial velocity time series informed by transits, focusing the search around low-mass stars. We employed the alpha-test method on confirmed planets searching for shifts between spectral and photometric mid-transit times. This technique is sensitive to mass imbalances within the planetary orbit, allowing us to identify non-negligible co-orbital masses. Among the 95 transiting planets examined, we find one robust exotrojan candidate with a significant 3-sigma detection. Additionally, 25 exoplanets show compatibility with the presence of exotrojan companions at a 1-sigma level, requiring further observations to better constrain their presence. For two of those weak candidates, we find dimmings in their light curves within the predicted Lagrangian region. We established upper limits on the co-orbital masses for either the candidates and null detections. Our analysis reveals that current high-resolution spectrographs effectively rule out co-orbitals more massive than Saturn around low-mass stars. This work points out to dozens of targets that have the potential to better constraint their exotrojan upper mass limit with dedicated radial velocity observations. We also explored the potential of observing the secondary eclipses of the confirmed exoplanets in our sample to enhance the exotrojan search, ultimately leading to a more accurate estimation of the occurrence rate of exotrojans.2024A&A...689A..53Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/689/A53CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/609/A96 : TROY project. I. (Lillo-Box+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A53https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A53GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/689/A53/stars (List of studied stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A53/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A53/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A53/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.746760833-63.4991005560.0055555555555555566/372 1271 1585 1793 3035 3801 3900 4651 4799 6181 7083 7418 7447 7605 7777 9038 9179 9750 12935 13092 13269 14591 14733 15748 16092 16847 18163 18223 18759 18786 19791 20476 20690 21079 21297 21935 21986 22661 22886 23531 23734 23826 23867 24039 24587 25193 25373 25721 25725 26538 26768 26771 27787 27847 28279 30009 31216 33210 33470 33898 34260 34656 34957 34986 35057 35534 36116 36614 36643 38067 38376 38842 40554 40833 41578 41786 43393 44272 45660 45964 46128 47168 47310 47717https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/689/A53?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/689/A53/starsList of studied starsRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVCShow the Radial Velocity curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemHost star namemeta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/689/A53/tableb2Archival radial velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJDJulian date (format as in the original paper)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocity or relative velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVUncertainty associated to the radial velocitym/sstat.errordoubleInstSpectrograph identificatormeta.id;instrcharSystemHost star namemeta.id;meta.mainchar