J/A+A/689/A46ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/689/A46doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36890046CDSde Wit S.Bonanos A.Z.Antoniadis K.Zapartas E.Ruiz A.,Britavskiy N.Christodoulou E.De K.Maravelias G.Munoz-Sanchez G.,Tsopela A.2024-11-29T20:05:54Z2024-09-02T08:22:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomysloan-photometryeffective-temperaturechemical-abundancesstellar-radiiMass loss during the red supergiant (RSG) phase plays a crucial role in the evolution of an intermediate massive star, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aim to increase the sample of well-characterized RSGs at subsolar metallicity, by deriving the physical properties of 127 RSGs in nine nearby, southern galaxies presented by Bonanos et al. For each RSG, we provide spectral types and used MARCS atmospheric models to measure stellar properties from their optical spectra, such as the effective temperature, extinction, and radial velocity. By fitting the spectral energy distribution, we obtained the stellar luminosity and radius for 92 RSGs, finding ~50% with log(L/L_{sun}_)>5.0 and 6 RSGs with R>1400R_{sun}_. We also find a correlation between the stellar luminosity and mid-IR excess of 33 dusty, variable sources. Three of these dusty RSGs have luminosities exceeding the revised Humphreys-Davidson limit. We then derive a metallicity-dependent J-Ks color versus temperature relation from synthetic photometry and two new empirical J-Ks color versus temperature relations calibrated on literature TiO and J-band temperatures. To scale our derived, cool TiO temperatures to values in agreement with the evolutionary tracks, we derive two linear scaling relations calibrated on J-band and i-band temperatures. We find that the TiO temperatures are more discrepant as a function of the mass-loss rate and discuss future prospects of the TiO bands as a mass-loss probe. Finally, we speculate that 3 hot, dusty RSGs may have experienced a recent mass ejection (12% of the K-type sample) and indicate them as candidate Levesque-Massey variables.2024A&A...689A..46Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/689/A46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/455 : Gaia DR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/367 : VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) DR5 (McMahon+, 2020)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/ApJS/219/42 : Spitzer point source catalogs in 7 nearby gal. (Khan+, 2015)J/ApJS/228/5 : Spitzer photometry of ~1million stars in M31 & 15 gal.J/A+A/587/A121 : The IR source catalog of nearby galaxies (Williams+, 2016)J/A+A/686/A77 : Spectral class. of dusty massive stars (Bonanos+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/689/A46/table2 (Photometric properties and spectral type of 129 RSGs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A46/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A46/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A46/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true204.28065-29.854040.0055555555555555560/1.1166583743361574e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/689/A46?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/689/A46/table2Photometric properties and spectral type of 129 RSGsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPapIDisplay data of Paper I, Bonanos et al., Cat. J/A+A/686/A77meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmag? Gaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullablee_Gmag? Gaia G-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableBPmag? Gaia BP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_BPmag? Gaia BP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRPmag? Gaia RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_RPmag? Gaia RP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablegPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 g-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablerPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 r-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableiPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_iPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 i-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 z-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableyPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 y-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_yPSmag? PanSTARRS DR1 y-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ2Mmag? 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_J2Mmag? 2MASS J-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableH2Mmag? 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_H2Mmag? 2MASS H-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableK2Mmag? 2MASS K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_K2Mmag? 2MASS K-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJVHSmag? VHS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JVHSmag? VHS J-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKVHSmag? VHS K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KVHSmag? VHS K-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable3.6mag? Spitzer IRAC [3.6] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag? Spitzer IRAC [3.6] magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag? Spitzer IRAC [4.5] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag? Spitzer IRAC [4.5] magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullable5.8mag? Spitzer IRAC [5.8] magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_5.8mag? Spitzer IRAC [5.8] magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullable8.0mag? Spitzer IRAC [8.0] magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_8.0mag? Spitzer IRAC [8.0] magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullable24mag? Spitzer IRAC [24] magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_24mag? Spitzer IRAC [24] magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableTypeSpectral type (K0-K5, K5-M0, M0-M2, M2-M4)src.spTypecharMADW1Median Absolute Deviation in WISE1stat.stdevfloatPhotbandsMulti-epoch photometric bandsinstr.bandpasscharNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/689/A46/table3Spectroscopic properties of 129 RSGslogZAssumed metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintlogL? Stellar luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logL? Stellar luminosity errorlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableR? Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusintnullablee_R? Lower stellar radiussolRadstat.errorintnullableE_R? Upper stellar radiussolRadstat.error;stat.maxintnullablespShow the spectrummeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharFlag[0/4]? Quality flag for Teff and E(B-V) value (1)meta.code.errorintnullableTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffLower effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintE_TeffUpper effective temperatureKstat.error;stat.maxintE(B-V)Reddening factormagphot.color.excessfloate_E(B-V)Lower reddening factormagstat.errorfloatE_E(B-V)? Upper reddening factormagstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableFileNameName of the spectrum file in subdirectory spmeta.id;meta.filechar