J/A+A/689/A28ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/689/A28doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-nh/lciCDSChambaN.HayesM.LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration2026-07-03T06:36:08Z2025-06-04T06:58:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesvisible-astronomyphotometrysloan-photometrySize is a fundamental parameter for measuring the growth of galaxies and the role of the environment on their evolution. However, the conventional size definitions used for this purpose are often biased and miss the diffuse, outermost signatures of galaxy growth, including star formation and gas accretion. We address this issue by examining low surface brightness truncations or galaxy "edges" as a physically motivated tracer of size based on star formation thresholds. Our total sample consists of ~900 galaxies with stellar masses ranging from 10^5^M_{sun}_<M*<10^11^M_{sun}_. This sample of nearby cluster, group satellite, and nearly isolated field galaxies was compiled using multi-band imaging from the Fornax Deep Survey, deep IAC Stripe 82, and Dark Energy Camera Legacy Surveys. We find that the edge radii scale as Redge{prop.to}M*^0.42^, with a very small intrinsic scatter (~0.07dex). The scatter is driven by the morphology and environment of galaxies. In both the cluster and field, early-type dwarfs are systematically smaller by approximately 20% compared to late-type dwarfs. However, galaxies in the Fornax cluster are the most impacted. At a fixed stellar mass, edges in the cluster can be found at about 50% smaller radii, and the average stellar surface density at the edges is a factor of two higher, ~1M_{sun}_/pc^2^. Our findings support the rapid removal of loosely bound neutral hydrogen (HI) in hot, crowded environments, which truncates galaxies outside-in earlier, preventing the formation of more extended sizes and lower density edges. Our results highlight the importance of deep imaging surveys to the study of low surface brightness imprints of the large-scale structure and environment on galaxy evolution.2024A&A...689A..28Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/689/A28CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/145/101 : UNGC (Karachentsev+, 2013)J/A+A/623/A1 : Early-type galaxies in the Fornax Cluster (Iodice+, 2019)J/A+A/647/A100 : Pre-processing in Fornax main cluster and group (Su+, 2021)J/ApJ/922/267 : Structure of dwarfs in ELVES (Carsten+, 2021)J/ApJ/907/85 : Stage II SAGA (Mao+, 2021)J/ApJ/933/47 : The ELVES Survey (Carlsten+, 2022)J/A+A/667/A87 : Edges of galaxies. Limits of Star Formation (Chamba+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/689/A28https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/689/A28GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/689/A28/sample (Cluster, group and nearly isolated field sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A28/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A28/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/689/A28/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.722620.388610.0055555555555555564/2158 5/4501-4502 8623 8636 6/0 2 2079 2119-2120 2130 2144 4507-4508 4650 5064 5067 5142 5148 5176 5283 5285 5489 5607 5635 5996 6399 6437 6448 6502 6752 6772 6981 7265 7267 7599 7607 7769 7878 8120 8506 9216 10265-10266 10364 10627 10674 10680 10719 10727 10738 10756 10800 10809-10810 10815 10839 10841-10842 10851 10905 10945 10999 11006 11041 11045 11084 11092 11270 11402 11434 11450 11696 11933 12199 16016 16459 16670 16697 17661-17663 17740-17741 17745 17749 17751 17753-17755 17768 17773 17776 17807 17815-17816 17818 17830 17832-17833 17835 17840 17857 17982-17983 17998-17999 18002 18012-18013 18017 18019-18022 18027-18029 18032 18061 18065-18066 18069-18072 18074-18078 18086 18096-18098 18176 18178 18393-18394 18397-18398 18427 18669 18680 18774 18788-18790 18800-18802 18836 18839-18840 18844 18850-18851 18853-18854 18856 18860 18864 18866 18895 18917 19027-19028 19032 19041 19044 19052 19054 19056 19107 19138 19307 19456 19678 19779 19792-19793 20510 22495 23103 23206 25945 25971 25974 25977 26047 26243 26247 26258 26268 26270 26292 26797 26800 26803 26808 26811 27025 27028 27030-27031 27074 27287 27365 27367 27383 27507 27513-27516 27518-27519 27600 27603-27606 27704-27705 27904 27926 28003-28004 28025 28076 28087 28099-28101 28152 28167 28172-28173 28176 28178 28184 28186 28381 28476 28493 28510 28526 28540 30041 30044 32426-32427 32439 32482 33656 33742 34251 34272-34273 34276 34458 34469 34471 34476-34478 34480 34487 34491 34507 34509-34511 34520 34522-34523 34552-34554 35214 35482 35860 35905 35908-35909 36286-36287 36338 36861 36863 38956 45054-45055 46034-46035 46314 46339 46597 46688-46689 46736 46738 47383 47389https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/689/A28?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/689/A28/sampleCluster, group and nearly isolated field samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAgGalactic extinction in SDSS-g (1)magphys.absorption.galfloatArGalactic extinction in SDSS-r (1)magphys.absorption.galfloatscalePhysical distance-to-arcsec scale (G2)kpc/arcsecinstr.scalefloatqAxis ratiophys.size.axisRatiofloatPA[] Position angle (G3)degpos.posAngfloatlogMstarLog10 of stellar mass (2)log(solMass)phys.massfloatReEffective/half-light radius (3)kpcphys.size.radiusfloatg-r? SDSS-g minus SDSS-r global colour (4)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableRedgeEdge radius (5)kpcphys.size.radiusfloatSigmaedgeSurface stellar density at the edge (2)solMass.pc**-2src.densityfloatSampleC22, SAGA, ELVES, UNGC or FDS (6)meta.idcharClasscluster, group or fieldmeta.code.classcharSurveyIACS82, DECaLs or FDS (7)meta.idcharJ/A+A/689/A28/elvespSurface brightness and stellar density profiles for galaxies selected from ELVESrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance from galaxy centre (G4)kpcpos.distancedoubleSBgObserved surface brightness in SDSS-g (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBgLower error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBg? Upper error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSBrObserved surface brightness in SDSS-r (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rdoublee_SBrLower error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBr? Upper error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablelogSDLog10 of stellar surface densitylog(solMass.pc**-2)src.densitydoublee_logSDLower error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.errordoubleE_logSD? Upper error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableJ/A+A/689/A28/sagapSurface brightness and stellar density profiles for galaxies selected from SAGArecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance from galaxy centre (G4)kpcpos.distancedoubleSBgObserved surface brightness in SDSS-g (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBgLower error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBg? Upper error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSBrObserved surface brightness in SDSS-r (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rdoublee_SBrLower error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBr? Upper error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablelogSDLog10 of stellar surface densitylog(solMass.pc**-2)src.densitydoublee_logSDLower error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.errordoubleE_logSD? Upper error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableJ/A+A/689/A28/ungcpSurface brightness and stellar density profiles for galaxies selected from UNGCrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance from galaxy centre (G4)kpcpos.distancedoubleSBgObserved surface brightness in SDSS-g (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBgLower error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBg? Upper error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSBrObserved surface brightness in SDSS-r (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rdoublee_SBrLower error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBr? Upper error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablelogSDLog10 of stellar surface densitylog(solMass.pc**-2)src.densitydoublee_logSDLower error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.errordoubleE_logSD? Upper error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableJ/A+A/689/A28/fdsdwpSurface brightness and stellar density profiles for the dwarf galaxies from FDSrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance from galaxy centre (G4)kpcpos.distancedoubleSBgObserved surface brightness in SDSS-g (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBgLower error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBg? Upper error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSBrObserved surface brightness in SDSS-r (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rdoublee_SBrLower error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBr? Upper error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablelogSDLog10 of stellar surface densitylog(solMass.pc**-2)src.densitydoublee_logSDLower error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.errordoubleE_logSD? Upper error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableJ/A+A/689/A28/fdseltgpSurface brightness and stellar density profiles for early- and late-type galaxies from FDSrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of galaxy (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance from galaxy centre (G4)kpcpos.distancedoubleSBgObserved surface brightness in SDSS-g (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbdoublee_SBgLower error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBg? Upper error bar of SBg (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSBrObserved surface brightness in SDSS-r (G5)mag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Rdoublee_SBrLower error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.errordoubleE_SBr? Upper error bar of SBr (G6)mag.arcsec**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablelogSDLog10 of stellar surface densitylog(solMass.pc**-2)src.densitydoublee_logSDLower error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.errordoubleE_logSD? Upper error bar of logSD (G7)log(solMass.pc**-2)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullable