J/A+A/688/A223ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/688/A223doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36880223CDSEgger J.A.Osborn H.P.Kubyshkina D.Mordasini C.Alibert Y.,Guenther M.N.Lendl M.Brandeker A.Heitzmann A.Leleu A.Damasso M.,Bonfanti A.Wilson T.G.Sousa S.G.Haldemann J.Delrez L.Hooton M.J.,Zingales T.Luque R.Alonso R.Asquier J.Barczy T.,Barrado Navascues D.Barros S.C.C.Baumjohann W.Benz W.Billot N.,Borsato L.Broeg C.Buder M.Castro-Gonzalez A.Collier Cameron A.,Correia A.C.M.Cortes D.Csizmadia Sz.Cubillos P.E.Davies M.B.,Deleuil M.Deline A.Demangeon O.D.S.Demory B.-O.Derekas A.,Edwards B.Ehrenreich D.Erikson A.Fortier A.Fossati L.Fridlund M.,Gandolfi D.Gazeas K.Gillon M.Guedel M.Helling Ch.Isaak K.G.,Kiss L.L.Korth J.Lam K.W.F.Laskar J.Lavie B.,Lecavelier des Etangs A.Lovis C.Luntzer A.Magrin D.Maxted P.F.L.,Merin B.Munari M.Nascimbeni V.Olofsson G.Ottensamer R.Pagano I.,Palle E.Peter G.Piazza D.Piotto G.Pollacco D.Queloz D.,Ragazzoni R.Rando N.Rauer H.Ribas I.Rodrigues J.Santos N.C.,Scandariato G.Segransan D.Simon A.E.Smith A.M.S.Stalport M.,Sulis S.Szabo Gy.M.Udry S.Van Grootel V.Venturini J.Villaver E.,Walton N.A.2024-11-21T20:02:52Z2024-08-27T08:44:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyMultiplanetary systems spanning the radius valley are ideal testing grounds for exploring the different proposed explanations for the observed bimodality in the radius distribution of close-in exoplanets. One such system is HIP 29442 (TOI-469), an evolved K0V star hosting two super-Earths and one sub-Neptune. We observed HIP 29442 with CHEOPS for a total of 9.6 days, which we modelled jointly with two sectors of TESS data to derive planetary radii of 3.410+/-0.046, 1.551+/-0.045, and 1.538+/-0.049R_{Earth}_ for planets b, c, and d, which orbit HIP 29442 with periods of 13.6, 3.5, and 6.4 days, respectively. For planet d this value deviates by more than 3{sigma} from the median value reported in the discovery paper, leading us to conclude that caution is required when using TESS photometry to determine the radii of small planets with low per-transit signal-to-noise ratios and large gaps between observations. Given the high precision of these new radii, combining them with published RVs from ESPRESSO and HIRES provides us with ideal conditions to investigate the internal structure and formation pathways of the planets in the system. We introduced the publicly available code plaNETic, a fast and robust neural network-based Bayesian internal structure modelling framework. We then applied hydrodynamic models to explore the upper atmospheric properties of these inferred structures. Finally, we identified planetary system analogues in a synthetic population generated with the Bern model for planet formation and evolution. Based on this analysis, we find that the planets likely formed on opposing sides of the water iceline from a protoplanetary disk with an intermediate solid mass. We finally report that the observed parameters of the HIP 29442 system are compatible with a scenario where the second peak in the bimodal radius distribution corresponds to sub-Neptunes with a pure H/He envelope and with a scenario with water-rich sub-Neptunes.2024A&A...688A.223Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/688/A223CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/688/A223https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/688/A223http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/688/A223https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/688/A223https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/688/A223http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/688/A223GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/688/A223/cheopsCHEOPS photometry and model fits for HIP 29442recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintallplmod-medSum of planet models (cheops_allplmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoubleFileKeyCHEOPS file key (filekey)meta.id;obscharIndexIndex (Index)meta.idintTimeBJD time (time)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux (in ppt unit) (flux)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalised flux error (in ppt unit) (flux_err)stat.error;phot.fluxdoublephiRoll angle (phi)deginstr.offsetdoublebgBackground (bg)instr.backgrounddoublecentXPSF X centroid (centroidx)pixinstr.det.psfdoublecentYPSF Y centroid (centroidy)pixinstr.det.psfdoubledeltaTTemperature change (deltaT)mKphys.temperaturedoubleXoffPSF X centroid offset (xoff)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleYoffPSF Y centroid offset (yoff)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoublenphimodelIndex for rollangle model (n_phi_model)meta.idintprspline-medSpline detrend model (cheops_pred_spline_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublelindet-medDecorrelation detrend model (cheops_lindetrend_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublealldet-medSum of detrend models (cheops_alldetrend_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublebmod-medPlanet b model (cheops_bmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublecmod-medPlanet c model (cheops_cmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoubledmod-medPlanet d model (cheops_dmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/688/A223/tessTESS photometry and model fits for HIP 29442dmod-medPlanet d model (tess_dmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoubleallplmod-medSum of planet models (tess_allplmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndexIndex (Index)meta.idintTimeBJD time (time)dtime.epochdoubleindexedFluxNormalised flux (in ppt unit) (flux)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalised flux error (in ppt unit) (flux_err)stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleMaskBoolean flux mask (mask)meta.codecharNeartransAll planet near-transit mask (near_trans)meta.codecharintransbIn-transit mask of planet b (in_trans_b)meta.codecharintranscIn-transit mask of planet c (in_trans_c)meta.codecharintransdIn-transit mask of planet d (in_trans_d)meta.codecharintransallAll planet in-transit mask (in_trans_all)meta.codecharsplineTransit-masked flux bspline (spline)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoubleFluxflatSpline-flattened flux (flux_flat)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublegpmod-medGP detrend model (tess_gpmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublebmod-medPlanet b model (tess_bmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddoublecmod-medPlanet c model (tess_cmodel_med)phot.flux;meta.modelleddouble