J/A+A/687/A234ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/687/A234doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36870234CDSCuenda-Munoz D.Barrado D.Agueeros M.A.Curtis J.L.Bouy H.2024-11-29T20:03:52Z2024-07-16T07:21:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterslate-type-starschemical-abundancesLithium (Li) abundance is an age indicator for G, K, and M stellar types, as its abundance decreases over time for these spectral types. However, despite the observational efforts made over the past few decades, the role of rotation, activity, and metallicity in the depletion of Li is still unclear. We have investigated how Li depletion is affected by rotation and metallicity in G and K members of the roughly Pleiades-aged open cluster M35. To do so, we have collected a sample of 165 candidate members observed with the WIYN/Hydra spectrograph. In addition, we have taken advantage of three previous spectroscopic studies of Li in M35. As a result, we have collected a final sample of 396 stars which we have classified as members and non-members of the cluster. We have measured iron abundances, Li equivalent widths, and Li abundances for the 110 M35 members added to the existing sample by this study. Finally, rotation periods for cluster members have been obtained from the literature or derived from Zwicky Transient Facility light curves. As a result, we have confirmed that fast G and K rotators are Li-rich in comparison with slow rotators of similar effective temperature. Furthermore, while we derived subsolar metallicity for M35 from our spectra, the distribution of Li in this cluster is similar to those observed for the Pleiades and M34, which have solar metallicity and slightly different ages. In addition, we have shown that an empirical relationship proposed to remove the contribution of the FeI line at 670.75nm to the blended feature at 670.78 nm overestimates the contribution of this iron line for M35 members. We conclude that a 0.2-0.3dex difference in metallicity makes little difference in the Li distributions of open clusters with ages between 100 and 250Myr.2024A&A...687A.234Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/687/A234CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/546/1006 : VRI photometry of M35 (Barrado y Navascues+, 2001)J/ApJ/695/679 : Stellar rotation in M35 (Meibom+, 2009)J/A+A/575/A120 : DANCe study of M35 (NGC 2168) (Bouy+, 2015)J/AJ/150/10 : WOCS. LXVI. Radial velocity survey in M35 (Leiner+, 2015)J/AJ/156/37 : Photometry + Li abund. of cool dwarfs in M35J/ApJS/246/15 : K2 periodic variables in M35 + NGC2158J/MNRAS/500/1158 : Rotation and lithium depletion of M35 dwarfshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A234https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A234http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A234https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A234https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A234http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A234GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/687/A234/table3 (Cross-identification numbers, coordinates, and observation campaigns for the complete sample presented in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A234/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A234/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A234/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true92.0413511124.428096110.0055555555555555566/24338-24339 24344-243458.650015785639275e-20 4.653515163505597e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/687/A234?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/687/A234/table3Cross-identification numbers, coordinates, and observation campaigns for the complete sample presented in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintmoreindicates more informations in other tablesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier in this work (1)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainCampaignObservation campaignobs.param;obscharIDAT18Identifier in Anthony-Twarog et al. (2018AJ....156...37A, Cat. J/AJ/156/37)meta.idcharIDJe21Identifier in Jeffries et al. (2021MNRAS.500.1158J, Cat. J/MNRAS/500/1158)meta.idcharJ/A+A/687/A234/table4Membership class and binary status for the complete presented in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier in this workmeta.id;meta.mainintRVClassMembership class in terms of the radial velocities of the stars (1)meta.code.classcharr_RVClassMembership class source (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharFinalMembClassFinal membership classmeta.code.classcharBinaryFlag[01] Binary status (3)meta.codecharJ/A+A/687/A234/table6Rotation periods taken from the literature or derived from ZTF light curves for 197 M35 membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier in this workmeta.id;meta.mainintProtM09? Rotation period taken from Meibom et al. (2009ApJ...695..679M, Cat. J/ApJ/695/679)dtime.perioddoublenullableProtSF20? Rotation period taken from Soares-Furtado et al. (2020ApJS..246...15S, Cat. J/ApJS/246/15)dtime.perioddoublenullableBlendSF20? Ambiguous blend boolean flag taken from Soares-Furtado et al. (2020ApJS..246...15S, Cat. J/ApJS/246/15)meta.codeintnullableProtL16? Rotation period taken from Libralato et al. (2016MNRAS.456.1137L)dtime.perioddoublenullableFlagL16? Classification of the light curve taken from Libralato et al. (2016MNRAS.456.1137L)meta.code.errorintnullableProtN15? Rotation period taken from Nardiello et al. (2015MNRAS.447.3536N, Cat. J/MNRAS/447/3536)dtime.perioddoublenullableProtZTF? Rotation period obtained from Zwicky Transient Facility light curvesdtime.perioddoublenullableFinalProtFinal rotation perioddtime.perioddoubleClassSF20? Variable classification taken from Soares-Furtado et al. (2020ApJS..246...15S, Cat. J/ApJS/246/15)meta.code.classcharSubclassSF20? Variable subclassification identifier taken from Soares-Furtado et al. (2020ApJS..246...15S, Cat. J/ApJS/246/15)meta.code.classcharTypeN15? Type of variability taken from Nardiello et al. (2015MNRAS.447.3536N, Cat. J/MNRAS/447/3536)meta.notecharJ/A+A/687/A234/table7Photometry uploaded to VOSA for the 251 members of M35 in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier in this workmeta.id;meta.mainintVmag? KPNO Johnson V band magnitude taken from Barrado y Navascues et al. (2001ApJ...546.1006B, Cat. J/ApJ/546/1006)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableIcmag? KPNO Cousins I band magnitude taken from Barrado y Navascues et al. (2001ApJ...546.1006B, Cat. J/ApJ/546/1006)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablegmag? SDSS g magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag? rms uncertainty on gmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablermag? SDSS r magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag? rms uncertainty on rmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimag? SDSS i magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag? rms uncertainty on imag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezmag? SDSS z magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag? rms uncertainty on zmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag? 2MASS J magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? rms uncertainty on Jmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag? 2MASS H magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? rms uncertainty on Hmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag? 2MASS Ks magnitude taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? rms uncertainty on Ksmag taken from Bouy et al. (2015A&A...575A.120B, Cat. J/A+A/575/A120)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/A+A/687/A234/table8Blended Li and Fe EWs, Fe EWs, Li EWs, and Li LTE and non-LTE abundances for the 110 members of M35 observed in 1999 December and 2001 FebruaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier in this workmeta.id;meta.mainintl_EWLiFe[<= ] Limit flag on EWLiFemeta.code.errorcharEWLiFeEquivalent width of the blended feature at 670.78 nm1e-13mspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rdoublee_EWLiFe? Error in EWLiFe1e-13mstat.errordoublenullableEWFea? Equivalent width of the Fe I line at 670.75 nm obtained from the synthetic1e-13mspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_EWFea? Error in EWFea1e-13mstat.errordoublenullableEWFeb? Equivalent width of the Fe I line at 670.75 nm obtained from the empirical relation of Soderblom et al. (1993AJ....106.1059S, Cat. J/AJ/106/1059)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.RdoublenullableEWLia? Equivalent width of the Li doublet at 670.78 nm1e-13mspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_EWLia? Error in EWLia1e-13mstat.errordoublenullableALiLTE? Local thermodynamic equilibrium Li abundancephys.abunddoublenullablee_ALiLTE? Error in ALiLTEstat.errordoublenullableALiNLTE? Non local thermodynamic equilibrium Li abundancephys.abunddoublenullableJ/A+A/687/A234/table9Rotation period, Li EW, effective temperature, luminosity, membership class and binary status for 250 M35 membersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier in this workmeta.id;meta.mainintFinalMembClassFinal membership classmeta.code.classcharBinaryFlag[0/1] Binary status (1)meta.codeintTeffEffective temperature obtained from VOSAKphys.temperature.effectivefloate_TeffError in TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoubleLLuminosity obtained from VOSAsolLumphys.luminositydoublee_LError in LsolLumstat.errordoublel_EWLi[<= ] Limit flag on EWLiFemeta.code.errorcharEWLi? Equivalent width of the Li doublet at 670.78 nm (2)1e-13mspect.line.eqWidth;em.opt.Rdoublenullabler_EWLiLithium equivalent width source (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharProt? Rotation period (4)dtime.perioddoublenullabler_Prot? Rotation period source (5)meta.ref;pos.framechar