J/A+A/686/A269ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/686/A269doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36860269CDSZhang J.-Y.Zhang Y.-X.Kang Z.-H.Li C.-H.Zhao Y.-H.2026-07-03T06:36:02Z2024-06-19T09:19:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsprotostarsvariable-starspre-main-sequence-starsThe study of young stellar objects (YSOs) not only enhances our understanding of star formation and stellar evolution, but also contributes to broader areas of astrophysics, including planetary science, galactic dynamics, and astrochemistry. We aimed to comprehensively analyse 657 YSOs and provide their physical parameter measurements using data from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) g- and r-band light curves and the Gaia, WISE, 2MASS, and LAMOST databases. Specifically, we sought to identify periodicity in the light curves and classify the YSOs based on the Q-M variability plane, which enabled us to quantify flux asymmetry and quasi-periodicity. To achieve our objectives, we conducted a meticulous examination of the light curves obtained from the ZTF and estimated the physical parameters of the YSOs. These parameters were discerned by integrating stellar model atmosphere grids, photometric data, Gaia DR3 parallaxes, and pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks. We employed the Q-M variability plane to classify the YSOs and determine the presence of periodic patterns. Additionally, we analysed the distribution of variability slope angles in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) to discern patterns associated with extinction-driven and accretion-related variability. Our analysis revealed significant findings regarding the variability patterns and physical characteristics of the YSOs. Among the 657 objects analysed, 37 exhibited periodic variability and 2 displayed multi-period behaviour. Furthermore, we identified distinct variability patterns, including quasi-periodic symmetry, quasi-periodic dipping, aperiodic dipping, bursting behaviour, stochastic variability, and long-timescale variations. Notably, the distribution of variability slope angles in the CMD varied between dippers and bursters, indicating different underlying variability drivers. Additionally, we observed that YSOs classified as classical T Tauri stars and weak-line T Tauri stars exhibited contrasting light curve characteristics, with Class II YSOs displaying asymmetry and Class III YSOs showing (quasi-)periodic variations. These findings underscore the importance of considering variability patterns when classifying and determining the nature of YSOs.2024A&A...686A.269Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A269CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A269https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A269http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A269https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A269https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A269http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A269GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A269/table3 (Properties of our YSO sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.6516569458.834741110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A269/table5 (Light curve classification follows the Q and M)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A269/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.6234138924.445816940.0055555555555555565/5715 5934 5992 5998 6106 6/342 349 501 511 857 860 862 881 1031 1037 1039-1040 1042-1043 1047 1049-1052 1061 1068 1080-1082 1104 1109 1115 1124 1136 1149 1157 1159 1168-1170 1176 1192 1201 1204 1208 1211 1230-1231 1240 1242-1243 1285 1297-1299 1302 1309 1344 1346 1376-1377 1417 1421 1436 1446 1458 1465 1470 1538-1539 1542 1551 1554-1555 1561 1563 1590 1596 1622 1630 1635 1731 1781-1782 1788-1790 1792 1795 1807 1923 1930-1931 1940 1952 1954 2747 2794 2812 3003-3005 3031 3156 3158 3164 3168-3169 3181 3185 3195-3196 3198-3199 3223 3261 3271 3281-3283 3290 3301 3312 3325 3375 3384 3459 3466 3594 3628 3630 13786 14147 14199 14281 14622 14670 14676 14678 14682 14686 14688-14689 14716 14773 15362-15363 15368-15370 21371 21435 21437-21439 21456-21458 21464 21486 22034 22040 22127 22196 22218 22240 22243 22249 22252-22253 22331 22442 22481 22800 22804 22848 22850-22852 22854-22857 22859 22866 22872-22874 22876 22880 22884 22892 22894-22895 22905 22907 22994 23030-23031 23038 23509 23543 23548-23549 23551 23557 23560 23562 23566 23584 23590 23597-23598 23600 23627 23637-23639 23641 23644 23646 23669 23690 23695 23697-23698 23704 23706 23711 23717 23719 23727-23728 23730 23762-23763 23768 23773 23782 23795 23797-23798 23801-23802 23975 23977-23978 23980 23982 23996-23997 24080-24081 24086 24099 24119 24158 24162-24163 24169 24185 24188 24190-24191 24224 24269 24274 24284-24286 24289 24294-24295 24300 24320 24324 24340 24345-24347 24353 24357 24363 24365-24367 24371 24378 24400 24448 24450 24454 24457 24460 24464 24467 24474 24485 24487 24493 24496-24497 24499-24500 24507 24509 24511-24513 24515 24547 24554 30360 30363 30366-30367 30389 30452 30462https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/686/A269?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/686/A269/table3Properties of our YSO samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintspindicates spectrummeta.ref.urlcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 designationmeta.id;meta.mainprimaryRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) from ZTFdegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination from (J2000) ZTFdegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAvThe extinctionphys.absorptionfloate_AvThe error of the extinctionstat.errorfloatTeff? Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableE_Teff? The upper error of TeffKstat.error;stat.maxintnullablee_Teff? The lower error of TeffKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogL? Stellar luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullableE_logL? The upper error of logLlog(solLum)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logL? The lower error of logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableAge? The stellar age determined in this workMyrtime.agefloatnullableE_Age? The upper error of ageMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Age? The lower error of ageMyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableMass? The stellar mass determined in this worksolMassphys.massfloatnullableE_Mass? The upper error of masssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mass? The lower error of masssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatnullableEWThe H-alpha equivalency width determined in this workkm/sspect.line.widthfloate_EWThe error of EWkm/sstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatMrateThe Mass Accretion Rate determined in this worksolMass/yrarith.rate;phys.massfloate_MrateThe error of mratesolMass/yrstat.error;phot.countfloatTypeType (II or III) of the YSOssrc.classcharClass[CW] Class WTTS (W) or CTTS (C) of the YSOsmeta.code.classcharJ/A+A/686/A269/table5Light curve classification follows the Q and MZTFZTF designationmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTypeThe Q-M typesrc.classcharPeriod? The lomb-scargle perioddtime.perioddoublenullableQThe quasi-periodicity statisticsstat.fit.paramdoubleMThe flux asymmetry statisticsstat.fit.paramdoubleJ/A+A/686/A269/listspList of spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 designationmeta.id;meta.mainspShow the spectrummeta.ref.urlcharFileNameName of the spectrum file in subdirectory spmeta.id;meta.filechar