J/A+A/686/A164ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/686/A164doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36860164CDSWang Y.Zhang L.Su T.Han X.L.Misra P.2024-11-29T20:02:53Z2024-06-07T09:30:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flaresradio-astronomymagnetic-fieldsStellar flares serve as crucial indicators for stellar magnetic activity. Radio emissions were detectable across all stages of stellar evolution. We defined radio stars in our paper as stars with radio continuum emission in the frequency region of about 1.4-375GHz from the catalogue published by Wendker (1995A&AS..109..177W, Cat. II/199, 2015 update, Cat. VIII/99). We also included detected radio stars from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and VLA Sky Survey (VLASS) surveys provided by previous work, and conducted comparative discussions. We utilize the light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) survey, coupled with low- and medium-resolution spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey, to investigate the magnetic activity and statistical properties of radio stars. We cross-matched the radio stars from the radio star catalogue and the LoTSS, ASKAP and VLASS surveys with TESS survey. For the stars from the radio star catalog, we obtained a matched sample of 1537 stars (hereafter called "Sample 1") and downloaded their TESS light curves, which included 4001 light curves at a 120-second cadence. For the stars from the LoTSS, ASKAP and VLASS surveys, we obtained a matched sample of 98 stars (hereafter called "Sample 2") and downloaded their 120-second TESS light curves, totaling 260. Subsequently, we employed repeated fitting techniques to distinguish stellar background light curves from flare events. For Sample 1, we successfully identified 12,155 flare events occurring on 856 stars. For the Sample 2, totally 3992 flare events were identified on 86 stars. Furthermore, by cross- referencing our samples with the Gaia survey, TESS Input Catalog, and LAMOST survey, we obtained additional stellar parameters, facilitating the determination of relationships between stellar and flare parameters. For stars in Sample 1, within the 12155 flare events observed on the 856 flare-active radio stars, a majority more than 97% had durations of less than 2 hours, while for stars in Sample 2, all 3992 flare events have a duration of less than two hours. We calculated the flare occurrence percentage for each flare-active radio star, observing a decrease as effective temperature increased for both Sample 1 and Sample 2. We derived values of power-law index (For Sample 1, alpha value approximately 1.50(0.11) for single stars and 1.38(0.09) for binary stars, for Sample 2, alpha value is about 1.47(0.11) for single stars and 1.42(0.09) for binary stars) for the cumulative flare frequency distribution. In both Sample 1 and Sample 2, stars with lower effective temperatures tended to exhibit increased activity. Utilizing LAMOST spectra and Gaia DR3 chromospheric activity index, we noted that the Halpha equivalent width and Gaia Ca II IRT activity index of flare-active radio stars was significantly larger than that of non-flare stars. An intriguing finding was the potential identification of a coronal rain candidate through the asymmetry observed in the Halpha line.2024A&A...686A.164Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A164CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/99 : Catalogue of Radio Stars (Wendker, 2001)IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A164https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A164http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A164https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A164https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A164http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A164GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A164/table1 (Parameters of TESS radio stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A164/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A164/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A164/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true69.73879414.10560.0055555555555555565/87 256 270 292 773 5875 5878 5884 5886-5887 6048 6051 6/87 90 92 161 254 257-258 261 272 276 287 311 320 322-326 330-334 336-337 339-342 344 347 353 357-358 368 375 377 380-381 418 461-463 472-474 485 489 496 557 592 599 666 701 725 754 840 845 863 903 924 962 1029-1030 1032-1033 1039 1042-1043 1045 1048 1050-1052 1054-1055 1058 1060-1061 1063-1064 1066-1067 1069 1073-1075 1077-1078 1098 1111 1113-1115 1123-1125 1136 1152 1154-1156 1159 1163-1165 1167 1181 1196 1198 1203 1226 1285 1287 1293 1302 1313 1330 1332 1399 1441 1448 1453 1460 1504-1505 1539 1550 1694 1704 1726 1734 1748-1749 1768-1770 1855 1890 1919 1922 1938 1965 2012 2017 2025 2062 2076 2119 2133 2170 2194 2248 2296 2409 2460 2500 2572 2623 2661 2694 2737 2762 2771 2774-2775 2806 2849 2884 2937 2940 3004 3026 3037-3038 3042 3050 3060 3066 3097 3103 3113 3132 3134 3136 3138-3139 3176 3198 3208 3229 3231 3251 3257-3258 3276 3283-3284 3312 3324 3384 3430 3462 3464 3614 3616 3623 3632 3659 3668 3677 3680 3682 3719 3722 3729 3830 3841 3849 3986 4028 4041 4095 4190 4206 4227 4279 4347-4348 4355 4419 4559 4693 4698 4735 4772 4790 4859 4887 4915 4972 5041 5080 5210 5387 5428 5476 5506 5554 5558 5581 5590 5592-5593 5601 5624 5627 5727 5731 5772 5777 5805 5862 5882 5895 5940 5950 5979 6068 6073 6082 6118 6122-6123 6146-6147 6154 6241 6340 6353 6384 6410 6497 6674 6709 6714 6863 6891 6897 7075 7089 7147 7185 7262 7267 7320 7390 7451 7487 7561 7610 7636-7637 7684 7705 7743 7752 7763 7980 7983 8041 8043 8076 8278 8462 8532 8552 8652 8669 8701 8705 8805 8821-8822 8844 8926 8935 8947 8983 9044 9054 9081 9117 9133 9150 9247 9268 9310 9322 9346 9380 9442 9478 9484 9502 9566 9570 9589 9681 9686 9713 9767 9783 9808 9849 9866 9936 9974 10000 10045 10048 10055 10131 10156 10255 10263 10303 10305 10401 10464 10474 10481 10490 10522 10551 10695 10783 10799 10905 10960 11034 11052 11057 11084 11120 11128 11165 11202 11204 11225 11279 11447 11543 11657 11764 11813 11856 11958-11959 12009 12053 12155 12311 12405 12568 12698 12748 12784 12844 12859 12888 12909 12943 12987 12996 13007 13036 13048 13110 13158 13234 13255 13263 13281 13286 13306 13310 13411 13451 13482 13494 13512 13618 13670 13674 13699 13721 13751 13778 13813 13845 13875 13933 13947 13961 13963 13975 14007-14008 14017-14018 14035 14038 14055 14057 14108 14110 14115 14126 14152 14179 14197 14202 14217 14238 14251 14253-14255 14259 14270 14280 14287 14290 14302 14305 14307 14311 14344 14359 14368 14381 14396 14409 14431 14441 14443 14449 14457 14498 14512 14567 14605 14607 14610 14613 14619 14621-14622 14630-14633 14636 14643 14646-14647 14653-14654 14672 14690 14692-14693 14696 14711-14712 14716 14727 14734 14739 14797-14798 14801 14808 14824-14825 14847 14855 14858 14878 14899 14907 14927 14952 14964 15014 15036 15090 15135 15151 15165 15177 15217 15261 15288 15320 15364 15368-15369 15372 15375 15385 15392 15478-15479 15502 15506 15569 15611 15617 15624-15625 15628 15631 15659 15663 15672 15677 15683 15713 15745 15747 15749 15759-15760 15768 15828 15857 15896 16035 16072 16074 16131-16132 16186 16280 16903 17058 17064 17192 17248 17256 17275 17321 17368 17395 17397 17421 17617 17753 17802 17919 17989 18011 18190 18234 18273 18309 18312 18439-18440 18538 18797 18817 18915 18928 18978 19016-19017 19045 19144 19346 19383 19434 19490 19541 19556 19567 19797 19825 19847 19921 19930 20071 20102 20125 20205 20212 20286 20313 20322 20422 20460 20510 20517 20535 20551 20609 20613 20618 20637 20700 20759 20761 20764 20797 20886 20915 20923 20940 20952 21004 21050-21051 21089 21224 21255 21316 21328 21365 21389 21401 21418 21436 21438-21439 21447 21476 21526 21530 21550 21564 21643 21646 21658 21694 21746 21765 21816 21882 21893 22023 22059 22159 22240 22249 22253-22254 22258 22333-22334 22464 22483 22514 22517 22579 22616 22625 22707 22753 22769 22786 22805 22822-22823 22837 22854 22859 22861-22862 22884 22888 22895 22911 22939 22941 22964 22977 23023 23086 23191 23222 23233 23246 23262 23265 23281 23288 23293 23304 23313 23321 23332 23335 23344 23346 23368 23383 23392 23395-23396 23403 23405 23408 23410 23423 23425 23444 23451 23454 23462 23468 23478-23479 23482-23483 23487 23489-23490 23492 23494-23497 23504 23511 23517-23519 23521 23525-23527 23529 23533-23535 23542-23543 23557 23611 23622-23623 23637 23717 23738 23764 23767 23774-23775 23779-23780 23819 23826 23839 23922 23945 23979-23980 23982-23983 24048 24061 24070 24099 24104-24105 24107 24110 24137 24151-24152 24164 24179 24189 24196 24198 24201-24203 24209 24218-24219 24222-24223 24232 24234-24235 24237-24238 24242 24248-24249 24252 24254 24256 24266 24277 24281 24297 24300 24313 24315 24337 24368 24379 24382 24411 24415 24451 24487 24497 24504 24519 24562 24793 24799 24848 24948 25113 25138 25228 25246 25297 25300 25577 25614 25939 25941 25964 25991 26008 26057 26180 26288 26327 26364 26381 26654 26669 26855 26929 27102 27106 27496 27498 28049 28151 28221 28364 28432 28481 28483 28586 28611 28643 28646 28726 28728 28746 28803-28804 28808-28809 29729 29734 29776 29795 29855 29893 29906 29923 29948 30001 30128-30129 30167 30299 30476 30558 30580 30606 30614 30622 30626 30643 30675 30687 30694 30703 30709 31259 31710 31984 32074 32092 32096 32141 32208 32211 32217 32271 32297 32307 32329 32484 32516 32521 32562 32602 32617 32720 32743 32754 32788 33008 33034 33070 33312 33338 33351 33378 33471 33713 33861 33866 33937 34004 34054 34075 34130 34145 34266 34450 34785 34892 34914 35185 35191 35327 35448 35541 35641 35756 35862 36129 36234 36298 36526 36651 36746 36799 36828 36905 36956-36957 36983 37000 37012-37013 37111 37186 37207 37212 37232 37290 37306 37330 37333 37339 37364 37370 37816 37827 37840-37841 37863 37886 37895 37906 37921 37923 37927 37934 38016 38019 38151 38162 38347 38359 38382 38421 38433 38498 38719 38812 38919 38957 38994-38995 39216 39219 39256 39281 39306 39317 39327 39355 39359 39383 39397 39459 39671 39704 39709 39715-39716 39720 39789 39806 39831 39853 39863-39864 39893 39907 39916 39922-39923 39937 39953 39991 40120 40131 40165 40195 40221 40242 40486 40520 40635 40640 40814 40900 41294 41381 41472 41593 41630 41651 41669 41677 41698 41740 41745 41767 41769 41794 41798 41909 41943 42029 42071 42140 42236 42273 42296 42315 42333-42334 42377 42383-42384 42387 42394 42405 42416-42417 42420 42428-42429 42438 42462 42464 42467 42470 42481 42483-42484 42486 42579 42592 42617 42644 42670 42673 42704 42713-42714 42736-42737 42840 42932 42944 42948 43010 43020 43038 43042 43062 43075 43238 43268 43321 43326 43365 43407 43420 43460 43531 43551 43553 43606 43630 43677 43796 43810 43843 43890 43947 43966 43992 44018 44043 44049 44125 44258 44260 44553 44722 45475 45518 45535 45821 46079 46081 46572 46582 46723 46737 46922 47014 47121 47287 47299 47399 47424 47514 47595 47805 47824 47910 47933 48163 48188 48263 48516 48648 48874-48875 48886 49112https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/686/A164?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/686/A164/table1Parameters of TESS radio starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTESSDisplay the TIC data (Cat. IV/38)meta.ref.urlcharTICTESS ID, TIC NNNNNNNNNmeta.id;meta.maincharSample[1/2] Sample idmeta.id;src.sampleintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTESSMAGTESS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublenullablelogg? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoublenullableRadius? RadiussolRadphys.angSize;srcdoublenullableMass? MasssolMassphys.massfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Metallicity [Fe/H]phys.abund.ZdoublenullableAge? AgeGyrtime.agefloatnullablePer? Rotation and/or orbital perioddtime.perioddoublenullableDist? Gaia distancepcpos.distancedoublenullableRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableBinSingle or binary star flag, single or binarymeta.codecharEvolEvolutionary stagemeta.code.classcharJ/A+A/686/A164/table2Parameters of flare events from radio starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTICTESS ID, TIC NNNNNNNNNmeta.id;meta.maincharSector[1/72] TESS SECTORobs.fieldintBeginTimeFlare begin timedtime.epochdoubleindexedPeakTimeFlare peak timedtime.epochdoubleEndTimeFlare end timedtime.epochdoubleDurationFlare durationdtime.durationdoubleAmplitudeFlare amplitudesrc.var.amplitudedoubleEbol? Bolometric flare energy1e-07Jphys.energycharSample[1/2] Sample idmeta.id;src.sampleint