J/A+A/685/A62ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/685/A62doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36850062CDSIJspeert L.W.Tkachenko A.Johnston C.Prsa A.Wells M.A.Aerts C.2024-11-29T20:02:35Z2024-05-14T09:35:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsephemeridesorbitsEclipsing binary systems provide the opportunity to measure fundamental parameters of their component stars in a stellar-model independent way. This makes them ideal candidates for testing and calibrating theories of stellar structure and (tidal) evolution. Large photometric (space) surveys provide a wealth of data for both the discovery and the analysis of these systems. Even without spectroscopic follow up there is often enough information in their photometric time series to warrant analysis, certainly if there is an added value present in the form of intrinsic variability like pulsations. Our goal is to implement and validate a framework for the homogeneous analysis of large numbers of eclipsing binary light curves such as the numerous high duty-cycle observations from space missions like TESS. The aim of this framework is to be quick and simple to run and to limit the user's time investment in obtaining, amongst other parameters, orbital eccentricities. We develop a new and fully automated methodology for the analysis of eclipsing binary light curves with or without additional intrinsic variability. Our method includes a fast iterative prewhitening procedure resulting in a list of extracted sinusoids that is broadly applicable for purposes other than eclipses. After eclipses are identified and measured, orbital and stellar parameters are measured under the assumption of spherical stars of uniform brightness. We test our methodology in two settings: a set of synthetic light curves with known input and the catalogue of Kepler eclipsing binaries. The synthetic tests show that we can reliably recover the frequencies and amplitudes of the sinusoids included in the signal as well as the input binary parameters, albeit to varying degrees of accuracy. Recovery of the tangential component of eccentricity is most accurate and precise. Kepler results confirm a robust determination of orbital periods, with 81.8% of periods matching the catalogued ones. We present the eccentricities for this analysis and show that they broadly follow the theoretically expected pattern as a function of the orbital period. Our analysis methodology is shown to be capable of analysing large numbers of eclipsing binary light curves with no user intervention, and provide in that a basis for the further in-depth analysis of systems of particular interest as well as for statistical analysis at the sample level. Furthermore the computational performance of the frequency analysis, extracting hundreds of sinusoids from Kepler light curves in a few hours, demonstrates its value as a tool for a field like asteroseismology.2024A&A...685A..62Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/685/A62CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/685/A62https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/685/A62http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/685/A62https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/685/A62https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/685/A62http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/685/A62GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/685/A62/results (Kepler results for the 2827 binaries in the Kepler EB Catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/685/A62/results?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/685/A62/results?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/685/A62/results?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true294.831041738.90622220.0055555555555555564/922-923 933-935 944-946 5/3645-3647 3683 3704 3706 3729-3731 3760 3788-3789 3792-3793 6/14559 14567 14573 14575 14577-14579 14730-14731 14738 14744 14746 14749-14751 14792 14794-14795 14822 14828 14830 14914-14915 15044-15045 15057 15059-15062 15160-15161 15176 15178 15200 15232https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/685/A62?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/685/A62/resultsKepler results for the 2827 binaries in the Kepler EB Catalogn_s_sbrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStage[1/9] Stage the analysis reached (stage)meta.codeintTtotTotal time base of observations in days (t_tot)dtime.intervaldoubleTmeanTime series mean time reference point (t_mean)dtime.epochdoublePerOrbital period in days (period)dtime.perioddoubles_Per? Error in the orbital period (p_err)dstat.error;time.perioddoublenullablee_Per[-1/1] Lower HDI error estimate in period (p_err_l) (1)dstat.errorfloatE_Per[-1/1] Upper HDI error estimate in period (p_err_u) (1)dstat.error;stat.maxfloatNparprewFree parameters after prewhitening (n_param_prew)meta.numberfloatBICprewBIC after the prewhitening phase (bic_prew)meta.codedoublenoislprewNoise level after prewhitening (noiss_lev e_prew)instr.det.noisedoublet1? Time of primary minimum (t_1) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullablet2? Time of secondary minimum (t_2) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullablet1-1? Time of primary first contact (t_1_1) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullablet1-2? Time of primary last contact (t_1_2) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullablet2-1? Time of secondary first contact (t_2_1) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullablet2-2? Time of secondary last contact (t_2_2) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullabletb1-1? Start (flat) eclipse bottom primary (t_b_1_1) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullabletb1-2? End (flat) eclipse bottom primary (t_b_1_2) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullabletb2-1? Start (flat) bottom secondary (t_b_2_1) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullabletb2-2? End (flat) eclipse bottom secondary (t_b_2_2) (2)dtime.epochdoublenullabledepth1? Depth of primary minimum (depth_1)phys.absorption.opticalDepth;stat.mindoublenullabledepth2? Depth of secondary minimum (depth_2)phys.absorption.opticalDepth;stat.mindoublenullables_t1? Error in t1 (t_1_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_t2? Error in t2 (t_2_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_t1-1? Error in t1-1 (t_1_1_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_t1-2? Error in t1-2 (t_1_2_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_t2-1? Error in t2-1 (t_2_1_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_t2-2? Error in t2-2 (t_2_2_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_tb1-1? Error in tb1-1 (t_b_1_1_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_tb1-2? Error in tb1-2 (t_b_1_2_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_tb2-1? Error in tb2-1 (t_b_2_1_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_tb2-2? Error in tb2-2 (t_b_2_2_err)dstat.errordoublenullables_depth1? Error in depth of primary minimum (d_1_err)stat.error;phys.absorption.opticalDepth;stat.mindoublenullables_depth2? Error in depth of secondary minimum (d_2_err)stat.error;phys.absorption.opticalDepth;stat.mindoublenullableei_t1? Individual error in t1 (t_1_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_t2? Individual error in t2 (t_2_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_t1-1? Individual error in t1-1 (t_1_1_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_t1-2? Individual error in t1-2 (t_1_2_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_t2-1? Individual error in t2-1 (t_2_1_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_t2-2? Individual error in t2-2 (t_2_2_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_tb1-1? Individual error in tb1-1 (t_b_1_1_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_tb1-2? Individual error in tb1-2 (t_b_1_2_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_tb2-1? Individual error in tb2-1 (t_b_2_1_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_tb2-2? Individual error in tb2-2 (t_b_2_2_ind_err)dstat.errordoublenullableei_depth1? Individual error in depth1 (d_1_ind_err)stat.errordoublenullableei_depth2? Individual error in depth2 (d_2_ind_err)stat.errordoublenullableecosw? e*cos(w) from timing formulae (ecosw_form)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableesinw? e*sin(w) from timing formulae (esinw_form)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablecosi? Cosine inclination from timing formulae (cosi_form)src.orbital.inclinationdoublenullablephi0? phi_0_ angle from timing formulae (phi_0_form)pos.posAngdoublenullablelogrr? log10 r2/r1 from timing formulae (log_rr_form)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablelogsb? log10 sb2/sb1 from timing formulae (log_sb_form)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablee? Eccentricity from timing formulae (s_form)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablew? omega from timing formulae (w_form)src.orbital.periastrondoublenullablei? Inclination from timing formulae (i_form)radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullablersum? Sum of radii from timing formulae (r_sum_form)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablerrat? r2/r1 from timing formulae (r_rat_form)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablesbrat? sb2/sb1 from timing formulae (sb_rat_form)stat.fit.paramdoublenullables_ecosw? Formal uncorrelated error in ecosw (ecosw_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_esinw? Formal uncorrelated error in esinw (esinw_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_cosi? Error estimate for cosi (cosi_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_phi0? Formal uncorrelated error in phi0 (phi_0_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_logrr? Scaled error estimate for logrr (log_rr_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_logsb? Scaled error estimate for logsb (log_sb_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_e? Formal uncorrelated error in e (e_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_w? Formal uncorrelated error in w (w_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_i? Error estimate for i (i_sig)radstat.errorfloatnullables_rsum? Formal uncorrelated error in rsum (r_sum_sig)stat.errordoublenullables_rrat? Scaled error formal estimate for rrat (r_rat_sig)stat.errordoublenullablen_s_rrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notechars_sbrat? Scaled error formal estimate for sbrat (sb_rat_sig)stat.errordoublenullablee_ecosw? Lower error estimate in ecosw (ecosw_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_ecosw? Upper error estimate in ecosw (ecosw_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_esinw? Lower error estimate in esinw (esinw_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_esinw? Upper error estimate in esinw (esinw_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_cosi? Lower error estimate in cosi (cosi_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_cosi? Upper error estimate in cosi (cosi_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_phi0? Lower error estimate in phi0 (phi_0_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_phi0? Upper error estimate in phi0 (phi_0_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_logrr? Lower error estimate in logrr (log_rr_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_logrr? Upper error estimate in logrr (log_rr_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_logsb? Lower error estimate in logsb (log_sb_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_logsb? Upper error estimate in logsb (log_sb_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_e? Lower error estimate in e (s_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_e? Upper error estimate in e (s_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_w? Lower error estimate in w (w_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_w? Upper error estimate in w (w_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_i? Lower error estimate in i (i_low)radstat.errordoublenullableE_i? Upper error estimate in i (i_upp)radstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_rsum? Lower error estimate in rsum (r_sum_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_rsum? Upper error estimate in rsum (r_sum_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_rrat? Lower error estimate in rrat (r_rat_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_rrat? Upper error estimate in rrat (r_rat_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_sbrat? Lower error estimate in sbrat (sb_rat_low)stat.errordoublenullableE_sbrat? Upper error estimate in sb_rat (sb_rat_upp)stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableecoswphys? ecos(w) of the physical model (ecosw_phys)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableesinwphys? esin(w) of the physical model (esinw_phys)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablecosiphys? cos(i) of the physical model (cosi_phys)src.orbital.inclinationdoublenullablephi0phys? phi_0_ of the physical model (phi_0_phys)pos.posAngdoublenullablelogrrphys? log10 r2/r1 of the physical model (log_rr_phys)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablelogsbphys? log10 sb2/sb1 of the physical model (log_sb_phys)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableephys? Eccentricity of the physical model (s_phys)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablewphys? omega of the physical model (w_phys)src.orbital.periastrondoublenullableiphys? Inclination of the physical model (i_phys)radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullablersumphys? Sum of radii of the physical model (r_sum_phys)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablerratphys? r2/r1 of the physical model (r_rat_phys)stat.fit.paramdoublenullablesbratphys? sb2/sb1 of the physical model (sb_rat_phys)stat.fit.paramdoublenullables_ecoswphys? Lower HDI error in ecosw (ecosw_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_ecoswphys? Upper HDI error in ecosw (ecosw_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_esinwphys? Lower HDI error in esinw (esinw_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_esinwphys? Upper HDI error in esinw (esinw_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_cosiphys? Lower HDI error in cosi (cosi_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_cosiphys? Upper HDI error in cosi (cosi_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_phi0phys? Lower HDI error in phi0 (phi_0_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_phi0phys? Upper HDI error in phi0 (phi_0_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_logrrphys? Lower HDI error in logrr (log_rr_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_logrrphys? Upper HDI error in logrr (log_rr_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_logsbphys? Lower HDI error in logsb (log_sb_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_logsbphys? Upper HDI error in logsb (log_sb_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_ephys? Lower HDI error in e (e_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_ephys? Upper HDI error in e (s_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_wphys? Lower HDI error in w (w_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_wphys? Upper HDI error in w (w_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_iphys? Lower HDI error in i (i_err_l) (1)radstat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_iphys? Upper HDI error in i (i_err_u) (1)radstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_rsumphys? Lower HDI error in rsum (r_sum_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_rsumphys? Upper HDI error in rsum (r_sum_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_rratphys? Lower HDI error in rrat (r_rat_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_rratphys? Upper HDI error in rrat (r_rat_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullables_sbratphys? Lower HDI error in sbrat (sb_rat_err_l) (1)stat.error;stat.minfloatnullableE_sbratphys? Upper HDI error in sbrat (sb_rat_err_u) (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableNparphys? Number of parameters after physical model optimisation (n_param_phys)meta.numberfloatnullableBICphys? BIC after physical model optimisation (bic_phys)meta.codedoublenullablenoislphys? Noise level after physical model optimisation (noiss_lev e_phys)instr.det.noise;meta.modelleddoublenullableTotFreqs? Total number of frequencies (total_freqs)meta.numberfloatnullablePasSigma? Number of frequencies that passed the sigma test (passed_sigma)meta.numberfloatnullablePasSNR? Number of frequencies that passed the S/R test (passed_snr)meta.numberfloatnullablePasBoth? Number of frequencies that passed both tests (passed_both)meta.numberfloatnullablePasHarm? Number of harmonics that passed both tests (passed_harmonics)meta.numberfloatnullablestd1? Standard deviation of the residuals of the linear+sinusoid+eclipse model (std_1)stat.stdevdoublenullablestd2? Standard deviation of the residuals of the linear+eclipse model (std_2)stat.stdevdoublenullablestd3? Standard deviation of the residuals of the linear+harmonic 1 and 2+eclipse model (std_3)stat.stdevdoublenullablestd4? Standard deviation of the residuals of the linear+non-harmonic sinusoid+eclipse model (std_4)stat.stdevdoublenullableratio1-1? Ratio of the first depth to std1 (ratio_1_1)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio1-2? Ratio of the second depth to std1 (ratio_1_2)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio2-1? Ratio of the first depth to std2 (ratio_2_1)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio2-2? Ratio of the second depth to std2 (ratio_2_2)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio3-1? Ratio of the first depth to std3 (ratio_3_1)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio3-2? Ratio of the second depth to std3 (ratio_3_2)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio4-1? Ratio of the first depth to std4 (ratio_4_1)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableratio4-2? Ratio of the second depth to std4 (ratio_4_2)stat.fit.paramdoublenullable_RAPositions from KIC (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from KIC (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainIdTarget identifier (KIC) (NNNNNNNN.0N.lc) (id)meta.id;meta.maincharn_e_rrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notecharn_E_rrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notecharn_e_sbrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notecharn_E_sbrat[i] i for infinitymeta.notechar