J/A+A/684/A91ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/684/A91doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36840091CDSBonifacio P.Caffau E.Monaco L.Sbordone L.Spite M.Mucciarelli A.,Francois P.Lombardo L.Matas Pinto A.d.M.2025-07-03T20:01:01Z2024-04-08T10:10:45ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyhigh-velocity-starschemical-abundancesThe data from the Gaia satellite led us to revise our conception of the Galaxy structure and history. Hitherto unknown components have been discovered and a deep re-thinking of what the Galactic halo is is in progress.} We selected from the Gaia catalogue stars with extreme transverse velocities with respect to the Sun (|VT|>500km/s) and observed them with FORS2 at the ESO VLT, to classify them using both their chemical and dynamical properties. Two apparently young stars, identified in paper I (Caffau et al., 2020A&A...638A.122C, Cat. J/A+A/638/A122), were observed with UVES. We derived abundances for Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe, analysing the spectra with MyGIsFOS, while for Ba we used line profile fitting. We computed actions from parallaxes and kinematical data. The stars span the metallicity range -3.5<=[Fe/H]<=-0.5 with <[Fe/H]>=-1.6. Star GHS143 has a total speed of about 1440km/s, which is almost three times faster than the local escape velocity of 522km/s, strongly implying this star is unbound to the Galaxy. Remarkably, this star is not escaping from the Galaxy, but it is falling into it. Ten stars are apparently young with masses in excess of 1.3M_{sun}_. Their interpretation as evolved blue stragglers is doubtful. The existence of a young metal-poor population is possible. The two stars observed with UVES show no lithium, suggesting they are blue stragglers. We detected a metal-poor population, confined to the bulge, that we call SpiteF, and argue that it is the result of a recent accretion event. We detect 102 candidates of the Aurora population that should have formed prior to the formation of the disc. Our sample is non-homogeneous and mainly retrograde. The stars are metal poor, and 23% have [Fe/H]<=-2.0. Our selection is efficient at finding very metal-poor stars, but it selects peculiar populations.2024A&A...684A..91Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A91CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/638/A122 : High-speed stars. Galactic hitchhikers (Caffau+, 2020)J/A+A/684/L4 : High speed stars. III. Line list (Caffau+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A91https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A91https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A91http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A91GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/684/A91/catalog (Full chemical and kinematical data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A91/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A91/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A91/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true337.32206694-59.636293890.0055555555555555566/16390 16418 16492-16493 16908 20552 24635 24657 24659 24711 24720 24734 28677 28691-28692 28737 28739-28740 28742 32842 32892 32957 33108 33286 33292 33305 33313 33380 33388 33419 33432 33443 33460-33461 33531-33532 33711 33763 34233 34309 34455 34818 34825 34828 34837 34868 34989 34994 35030 35038 35141 35158 35216 35247 35260 35335 35366 35407 35543 35572 35587 35589 35608 36386 36868 36872 37250 37280 38158 38164 38181 38225 38289 38370 38382 38738 38829 39053 40210 40998 41111 41152 41157 41162 41168 41182 41229 41262 41276 41294 41304 41335 41341 41352 41356 41381 41528 41942 41966 42027 42058 42062 42639 42668 42697 43306 43385 43391 43446 43514 43734 43761 43798 43832 43858 43881 43944 43949 43956-43957 43970 43975 43988 44052 44173 44205 44576 44580 45061 45078 45215 45260 45288 45298 45304 45324 45334 45367 45375 45409 45428 45445 45452 45454 45489 45491 45523 45532 45536 45542 45545 45551 45555 45562 45645 45651 45653 45657 45684 45695 45697 45709 45711 45727 45736 45739 45747 45750 45785 45801-45802 45813 45835 45842 45857 45859 45867 45876-45877 45894 45910 45933 45940 45950 45971 45979 45981 45986-45988 46001 46010 46016 46018 46025 46027 46042 46044 46050 46055 46063 46073 46081 46106 46114 46121 46129 46145 46147 46186 46220 46272 46276 46323 46375 46497 46531 46539 46656 46661 46669 46688 46721 46737 46742 46744-46745 46750 46753 46758 46788 46790 46823 46924 46970 47038 47072 47074 47080 47124-47125 47137 47174 47178 47186 47207 47209 47230 47285 47305 47308 47312 47317 47322 47329 47334 47340 47359 47369 47388 47394 47397 47403 47420 47423 47441 47444-47445 47453 47456 47461 47468 47471 47503 47506 47509 47528 47552 47564 47580 47587 47589 47632 47668 47673 47677 47684 47713 47716-47717 47745 47775 47783 47786 47789 47791-47792 47794 47796-47798 47800 47802-47804 47823 47826 47839 47843 47849 47854 47902 47914 47993 48028-48029 48136 48140-48141 48163 48171 48173 48188 48195 48222 48263 48291 48295 48353 48384 48650 48674https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/684/A91?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/684/A91/catalogFull chemical and kinematical datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNumRunning Number of the program starmeta.numberinte_plxError on parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublevyVelocity along Ykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublee_vyError on Vykm/sstat.errordoubleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 IDmeta.idTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogglogarithm of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatmicroMicroturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloat[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]=log10(Fe/H)-log10(Fe/H)Sunphys.abundfloatFe1log10(FeI/H)+12meta.idfloatsigmaFe1Line-to-line scatter on FeIstat.stdevfloatNFe1Number of FeI lines usedmeta.numberintNa1? log10(Na/H)+12meta.numberfloatnullablesigmaNa1? Error on Na abundancestat.stdevdoublenullableNNa1? Number of NaI linesmeta.numberintnullableNa1Fe? Abundance [Na/Fe]phys.abunddoublenullableMg1? log10(Mg/H)+12.meta.idfloatnullablesigmaMg1? Error on Mg abundancestat.stdevdoublenullableNMg1? Number of MgI linesmeta.numberintnullableMg1Fe? Abundance [Mg/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullableCa1? log10(CaI/H)+12meta.idfloatnullablesigmaCa1? Error on Ca abundancestat.stdevfloatnullableNCa1? Number of CaI linesmeta.numberintnullableCa1Fe? Abundance [Ca/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullableTi1? log10(TiI/Fe)+12meta.idfloatnullablesigmaTi1? Error on TiI abundancestat.stdevdoublenullableNTi1? Number of TiI linesmeta.numberintnullableTi1Fe? Abundance [TiI/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullableTi2? log10(TiII/H)+12meta.idfloatnullablesigmaTi2? Error on TiII abundancestat.stdevfloatnullableNTi2? Number of TiII linesmeta.numberintnullableTi2Fe? Abundance [TiII/Fe]meta.idfloatnullablesigmaMn1? Error on Mn abundancestat.stdevdoublenullableNMn1? Number of Mn linesmeta.numberintnullableMn1Fe? Abundance [Mn/Fe]phys.abunddoublenullablel_Ba2Upper limit flag on Bameta.code.errorcharBa2? log10(BaII/H)+12meta.idfloatnullableBa2Fe? Abundance [Ba/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullablecnlte? NLTE correction on Baarith.factordoublenullableBa2nlte? log10(BaII/H)+12+cnltemeta.idfloatnullableBa2Fenlte? Abundance [BaII/Fe] corrected for NLTEphys.abundfloatnullableGmag0Gaia G magnitude corrected for reddeningmagphot.mag;em.optfloatGMAG0Gaia G absolute magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatBP-RP0Gaia (BP-RP) colour corrected for reddeningmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoublePaperPaper in which the abundances were publishedmeta.bibcharYoungFor young stars this string=YOUNG, for the others NULLmeta.codecharSpiteFFor stars that belong to SpiteF the string=SpiteF for the others NULLmeta.codecharAccretedACCRETED, IN SITU or NULLmeta.codecharAURORAAURORA for the AURORA candidates NULL otherwisemeta.codecharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RAJ2000Error on right ascensionmasstat.error;pos.eq.radoubleDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DEJ2000Error on declinationmasstat.error;pos.eq.decdoubleplxAdopted parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublepmRAProper motion in right ascensionmaspos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAError on proper motion in right ascensionmasstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDEProper motion in declinationmaspos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEError on proper motion in declinationmasstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVError on radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatdistDistancekpcpos.distancedoublee_distError on distancekpcstat.errordoublerGalactocentric distancekpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricdoublee_rError on Galactocentric distancekpcstat.errordoubleRCylindrical Galactocentric distancekpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricdoublee_RError on cylindrical Galactocentric distancekpcstat.errordoublevRVelocity in the R directionkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_vRError on velocity in R directionkm/sstat.errordoublevTTransverse velocity in cylindrical Galactocentric coordinateskm/sphys.veloc.transverse;pos.galactocentricdoublee_vTError on cylindrical Galactocentric velocitykm/sstat.errordoublezVertical cylindrical Galactocentric coordinatekpcpos.frame;pos.galactocentricdoublee_zError on Zkpcstat.error;src.redshiftdoublevzVelocity along Zkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zdoublee_vzError on Vzkm/sstat.errordoublexX Galactocentric cartesian coordinatekpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galactocentricdoublee_xError on Xkpcstat.error;pos.cartesian.xdoublevxVelocity along Xkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xdoublee_vxError on Vxkm/sstat.errordoubleyY Galactocentric cartesian coordinatekpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galactocentricdoublee_yError on Ykpcstat.error;pos.cartesian.ydoublephiAzimuthal cylindrical coordinateradpos.distance;pos.galactocentricdoublee_phiError on phiradstat.errordoublevphiVelocity in the phi directionkm/sphys.veloc;pos.dirCosdoublee_vphiError on Vphikm/sstat.errordoubleUHeliocentric velocity in the R directionkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_UError on Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xdoubleVHeliocentric velocity in the direction of Galactic rotationkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.ydoublee_VError on V km/skm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.ydoubleWHeliocentric velocity in the vertical directionkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_WError on W km/skm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zdoublerap? Distance of orbit apocentrekpcpos.distance;src.orbitaldoublenullablee_rap? Error on apocentre distancekpcstat.errordoublenullablerperi? Distance of orbit pericentrekpcpos.distance;src.orbitaldoublenullablee_rperi? Error on pericentre distancekpcstat.errordoublenullablee? Orbit eccentricity adimensionalpos.distance;src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablee_e? Error on eccentricitystat.errordoublenullablezmax? Maximum height from the Galactic planekpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticdoublenullablee_zmax? Error on Zmaxkpcstat.errordoublenullableE? Specific energykm**2.s**-2phys.energydoublenullablee_E? Error on specific energykm**2.s**-2stat.errordoublenullableLx? Angular momentum in the X directionkpc.km/sphys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Lx? Error on angular momentum in X directionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullableLy? Angular momentum in the Y directionkpc.km/sphys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Ly? Error on angular momentum in Y directionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullableLz? Angular momentum in the Y directionkpc.km/sphys.angMomentumdoublenullablee_Lz? Error on angular momentum in Z directionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullableJr? Radial action kpc kmkpc.km/sarith.grad;phys.velocdoublenullablee_Jr? Error on radial actionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullableJp? Azimuthal action (==Lz)kpc.km/sarith.grad;phys.velocdoublenullablee_Jp? Error on azimuthal actionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullableJz? Vertical actionkpc.km/sarith.grad;phys.velocdoublenullablee_Jz? Error on vertical actionkpc.km/sstat.errordoublenullablevtotalTotal speedkm/sphys.velocdoublevescapeEscape velocity at the current position of the starkm/sphys.veloc.escapedoubleGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdoubleGLON1[] l if l<=180{deg}; l-360 if l>180{deg}degpos.frameNameShort namemeta.id;meta.maincharComponentGalactic component to which the star belongsmeta.notechar