J/A+A/684/A37ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/684/A37doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36840037CDSCeccarelli E.Massari D.Mucciarelli A.Bellazzini M.Nunnari A.,Cusano F.Lardo C.Romano D.Ilyin I.Stokholm A.2025-04-16T20:01:16Z2024-03-29T09:24:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxychemical-abundancesultraviolet-astronomyvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyRelics of ancient accretion events experienced by the Milky Way are predominantly located within the stellar halo of our Galaxy. However, debris from different objects display overlapping distributions in dynamical spaces, making it extremely challenging to properly disentangle their contribution to the build-up of the Galaxy. To shed light on this chaotic context, we started a program aimed at the homogeneous chemical tagging of the local halo of the Milky Way, focusing on the component in retrograde motion, since this is expected to host a large fraction of stars accreted from past mergers. The A Walk on the Retrograde Side (WRS) project targets retrograde halo stars in the Solar Neighborhood having accurate 6-D phase space information available, measuring the precise chemical abundance of several chemical elements from high-resolution spectroscopy. In this first paper, we present the project and the analysis of high-resolution spectra obtained with UVES at VLT and PEPSI at LBT for 186 stars. Accurate radial velocity and chemical abundance of several elements have been obtained for all the target stars. In particular we focus on the chemical composition of a specific subset of substructures identified dynamically in the literature. Our study reveals that two among the more recently discovered structures in the retrograde halo, namely Antaeus / L-RL64 and ED-3, have identical chemical patterns and similar integrals of motion, suggesting a common origin. In turn, the abundance patterns of this unified system differ from that of Gaia-Enceladus, confirming that it is an independent structure. Finally, Sequoia exhibits a different chemistry with respect to that of Gaia-Enceladus at [Fe/H]<-1.5dex, showcasing an excess of stars with lower Mg and Ca in the common metallicity range.2024A&A...684A..37Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A37CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A37https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A37http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A37https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A37https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A37http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A37GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/684/A37/table1 (ID, positions, magnitudes, color excess, parallax and instrument used)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A37/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A37/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A37/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.1032221.667430.0055555555555555566/134 2107 2176 2225 2236 2400 2560 2609 2629 2736 3469 3953 4184 4189 4197 4766 4967 5018 5284 5395 5473 5497 5555 5559 5926 6226 6462 6644 6754 6995 7815 7889 8215 8221 8711 8780 9224 9866 10346 10385 10486 10932 11123 11228 11548 11920 12431 12468 12523 13646 14858 16006 16446 16803 16929 16976 16992 17016 17093 17240 17399 17408 17460 17467 17788 18052 18098 18212 18227 18494 18665 18714 18746 18777 18849 18898 18948 19686 20116 20680 21518 22071 22252 22322 22686 23226 24138 24866 25038 25093 25331 25695 25854 25891 25954 26135 26202 26265-26266 26337 26456 26541 26687 27019 27278 27330 27411 27709 27835 28038 28139 28445 28474 28653 29397 29911 30166 30179 30528 30553 31415 31447 31642 31759 31826 31975 32206 32443 32468 32987 33132 33224 33306 33631 33766 34502 34554 35329 35397 35608 35659 35700 35868 36061 36453 36503 36535 36564 36729 36755 36814 37967 38050 38249 39498 40575 40924 40955 43356 43416 43470 43740 43878 43940 44207 44532 44989 45012 45324 45351 45361 45866 46062 46235 46507 46593 46981 47331 47426 47437 47453 47519 47827 48193 48714 48883https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/684/A37?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/684/A37/table1ID, positions, magnitudes, color excess, parallax and instrument usedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay all datameta.ref.urlcharGaiaEDR3Source_id from Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGmagApparent G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleBPmagApparent BP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleRPmagApparent RP magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleE(B-V)Color excessmagphot.color.excessfloatplxParallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoubleInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharJ/A+A/684/A37/table3ID, orbital energy, vertical and perpendicular angular momenta, line-of-sight velocity and flag for binary starrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay all datameta.ref.urlcharGaiaEDR3source_id from Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.mainEnEnergykm**2.s**-2phys.energyinte_EnUncertainty on the energykm**2.s**-2stat.errorintLzVertical component of the angular momentumkpc.km/sphys.angMomentuminte_LzUncertainty on the vertical component of the angular momentumkpc.km/sstat.errorintLperpPerpendicular component of the angular momentumkpc.km/sphys.angMomentuminte_LperpUncertainty on the perpendicular component of the angular momentumkpc.km/sstat.errorintVlosLine-of-sight velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_VlosUncertainty on the line-of- sight velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatBin[0/1] Possibly a binary star if set to 1meta.codefloatJ/A+A/684/A37/table4ID, atmospheric parameters and [Fe/H]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay all datameta.ref.urlcharGaiaEDR3source_id from Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatVmicro? Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Abundance [Fe/H]log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_[Fe/H]? Uncertainty on the [Fe/H] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A37/table6ID, abundances of FeI, Mg, Ca, TiI, TiII and associated substructureSubstructAssociated progenitormeta.id.assoccharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay all datameta.ref.urlcharGaiaEDR3source_id from Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.main[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]Uncertainty on the [Fe/H] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[Mg/Fe]Abundance [Mg/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[Mg/Fe]Uncertainty on the [Mg/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ca/Fe]? [Ca/Fe] abundance [Ca/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ca/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Ca/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[TiI/Fe]Abundance [TiI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloate_[TiI/Fe]Uncertainty on the [TiI/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloat[TiII/Fe]? Abundance [TiII/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[TiII/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [TiII/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A37/table7ID, abundances of Na, Al, ScII, Mn, Ni, Zn and YIIrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay all datameta.ref.urlcharGaiaEDR3source_id from Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.main[Na/Fe]? Abundance [Na/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Na/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Na/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Al/Fe]? Abundance [Al/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Al/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Al/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[ScII/Fe]? Abundance [ScII/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[ScII/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [ScII/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Mn/Fe]? Abundance [Mn/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Mn/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Mn/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Ni/Fe]? Abundance [Ni/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ni/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Ni/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]? Abundance [Zn/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Zn/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [Zn/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[YII/Fe]? Abundance [YII/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[YII/Fe]? Uncertainty on the [YII/Fe] abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable