J/A+A/684/A15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/684/A15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36840015CDSNandakumar G.Ryde N.Forsberg R.Montelius M.Mace G.Joensson H.,Thorsbro B.2024-11-29T20:01:41Z2024-03-28T14:21:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsgiant-starschemical-abundancesinfrared-astronomyspectroscopymilky-way-galaxyIn order to be able to investigate the chemical history of the entire MilkyWay, it is imperative to also study the dust-obscured regions, where most of the mass lies, in detail. The Galactic Center is an example of such a region of interest to study. Due to the intervening dust along the line-of-sight, near-infrared spectroscopic investigations are necessary. The aim is to demonstrate that M giants observed at high spectral resolution in the H and K bands (1.5-2.4um) can yield useful abundance-ratio trends versus metallicity for 21 elements. These elements can therefore be studied also for heavily dust-obscured regions of the Galaxy, such as the Galactic Center. The abundance-ratio trends will be important for the further investigation of the Galactic chemical evolution in these regions. We have observed near-infrared spectra of 50 M giants in the solar neighbourhood at high signal-to-noise and at a high spectral resolution with the IGRINS spectrometer on the GEMINI South telescope. The full H and K bands are recorded simultaneously at R=45000. We adopted the fundamental stellar parameters for these stars from Nandakumar et al. (2023A&A...675A..23N, Cat. J/A+A/675/A23), with Teff ranging from 3400 to 3800K. With a manual spectral synthesis method, we have derived stellar abundances for 21 atomic elements, namely F, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Na, Al, K, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Ce, Nd, and Yb.We have systematically studied useful spectral lines of all these elements in the H and K bands. We demonstrate what elements can be analysed from H- and K-band high-resolution spectra, and we show which spectral lines can be used for an abundance analysis, showing them line by line.We discuss the 21 abundance-ratio trends and compared them with those determined from APOGEE and from the optical GILD sample. Especially, the trends of the heavy elements Cu, Zn, Y, Ce, Nd, and Yb are possible to retrieve from high-resolution H- and K-band spectra. This opens up these nucleosynthetic channels, including both the s- and the r-process, in dust-obscured populations. The [Mn/Fe] versus [Fe/H] trend is shown to be more or less flat at low metallicities, implying that existing NLTE correction are relevant. With high-resolution, near-infrared spectra it is possible to determine reliable abundance-ratio trends versus metallicity for 21 elements, including elements formed in several different nucleosynthetic channels. The important neutron-capture elements, both s- and r-dominated elements, are doable. This opens up the possibility to study the chemical evolution in detail also in dustobscured region of the Milky Way, such as the Galactic Center. M giants are useful bright probes for these regions and for future studies of extra-galactic stellar populations. A careful analysis of high quality spectra is needed to retrieve all these elements, often from weak and blended lines. A spectral resolution of R~40000 is a further quality which helps in deriving precise abundances for this range of elements. In comparison to APOGEE, we can readily obtain the abundances for Cu, Ce, Nd and Yb from the H-band, which demonstrates an advantage of analysing high-resolution spectra2024A&A...684A..15Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/675/A23 : IGRINS. M giant abundances (Nandakumar+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/684/A15/stars (List of studied stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A15/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A15/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A15/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.1710417-6.03355560.0055555555555555566/5718 7533 11519 14878 17357 20959 21370 21375 21457 21464 21472 22112 22123 22144 22188 27788 28912 29066 29113 29456 31419 33088 37135 37408 37417-37418 38132 41589 41591 41596-41597 41760 41762 41768 43132 43288 43553 48041https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/684/A15?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/684/A15/starsList of studied starsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSNameSimbad namemeta.idcharJ/A+A/684/A15/table_fLine-by-line Fluorine abundances and mean [F/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAF22699.49? F abundance from 22699.49{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAF22714.59? F abundance from 22714.59{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAF22778.25? F abundance from 22778.25{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAF22826.86? F abundance from 22826.86{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAF22886.73F abundance from 22886.73{AA} linephys.abundfloatAF22957.94F abundance from 22957.94{AA} linephys.abundfloat[F/Fe]Mean F abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_naLine-by-line Sodium abundances and mean [Na/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharANa16373.87? Na abundance from 16373.87{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANa16388.85? Na abundance from 16388.85{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANa22056.43? Na abundance from 22056.43{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANa22083.66? Na abundance from 22083.66{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANa23379.14? Na abundance from 23379.14{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Na/Fe]? Mean Na abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A15/table_mgLine-by-line Magnesium abundances and mean [Mg/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAMg21059.76Mg abundance from 21059.76{AA} linephys.abundfloatAMg21060.89Mg abundance from 21060.89{AA} linephys.abundfloatAMg21458.87Mg abundance from 21458.87{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Mg/Fe]Mean Mg abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_alLine-by-line Aluminium abundances and mean [Al/Fe]AAl17699.05? Al abundance from 17699.05{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAAl21093.08Al abundance from 21093.08{AA} linephys.abundfloatAAl21163.80Al abundance from 21163.80{AA} linephys.abundfloatAAl21208.18Al abundance from 21208.18{AA} linephys.abundfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAAl16718.97Al abundance from 16718.97{AA} linephys.abundfloatAAl16750.60Al abundance from 16750.60{AA} linephys.abundfloatAAl16763.37Al abundance from 16763.37{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Al/Fe]Mean Al abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_siLine-by-line Silicon abundances and mean [Si/Fe]StarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintASi16434.93Si abundance from 16434.93{AA} linephys.abundfloatASi20804.20? Si abundance from 20804.20{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableASi20890.37? Si abundance from 20890.37{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableASi20926.14? Si abundance from 20926.14{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Si/Fe]Mean Si abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_sLine-by-line Sulfur abundances and mean [S/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAS15478.48? S abundance from 15478.48{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAS22507.60? S abundance from 22507.60{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[S/Fe]? Mean S abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A15/table_kLine-by-line Potassium abundances and mean [K/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAK15163.09? K abundance from 15163.09{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableAK15168.40? K abundance from 15168.40{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[K/Fe]? Mean K abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A15/table_caLine-by-line Calcium abundances and mean [Ca/Fe]ACa22624.96? Ca abundance from 22624.96{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACa22626.72? Ca abundance from 22626.72{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharACa16150.76Ca abundance from 16150.76{AA} linephys.abundfloatACa16155.24Ca abundance from 16155.24{AA} linephys.abundfloatACa16157.36Ca abundance from 16157.36{AA} linephys.abundfloatACa20962.57? Ca abundance from 20962.57{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACa20972.53Ca abundance from 20972.53{AA} linephys.abundfloatACa21113.90? Ca abundance from 21113.90{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACa22607.94? Ca abundance from 22607.94{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACa22651.18? Ca abundance from 22651.18{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACa22653.58? Ca abundance from 22653.58{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Ca/Fe]Mean Ca abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_scLine-by-line Scandium abundances and mean [Sc/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharASc21730.36? Sc abundance from 21730.36{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableASc21812.24? Sc abundance from 21812.24{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableASc21842.70? Sc abundance from 21842.70{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Sc/Fe]Mean Sc abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_tiLine-by-line Titanium abundances and mean [Ti/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharATi16330.54Ti abundance from 16330.54{AA} linephys.abundfloatATi21149.62Ti abundance from 21149.62{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Ti/Fe]Mean Ti abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_vVanadium abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAV15924.81V abundance from 15924.81{AA} linephys.abundfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_crLine-by-line Chromium abundances and mean [Cr/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharACr15680.06Cr abundance from 15680.06{AA} linephys.abundfloatACr15860.21? Cr abundance from 15860.21{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACr17708.73? Cr abundance from 17708.73{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Cr/Fe]Mean Cr abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_mnLine-by-line Manganese abundances and mean [Mn/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAMn15217.74Mn abundance from 15217.74{AA} linephys.abundfloatAMn15262.49? Mn abundance from 15262.49{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Mn/Fe]Mean Mn abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_coCobalt abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharACo16757.64Co abundance from 16757.64{AA} linephys.abundfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_niLine-by-line Nickel abundances and mean [Ni/Fe]ANi16818.74? Ni abundance from 16818.74{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANi16867.28Ni abundance from 16867.28{AA} linephys.abundfloatANi17306.52? Ni abundance from 17306.52{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANi20957.14? Ni abundance from 20957.14{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANi21167.93? Ni abundance from 21167.93{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANi21570.06? Ni abundance from 21570.06{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharANi16310.50Ni abundance from 16310.50{AA} linephys.abundfloatANi16363.09Ni abundance from 16363.09{AA} linephys.abundfloatANi16815.46Ni abundance from 16815.46{AA} linephys.abundfloatANi21945.50? Ni abundance from 21945.50{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANi22596.93? Ni abundance from 22596.93{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Ni/Fe]Mean Ni abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_cuLine-by-line Copper abundances and mean [Cu/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharACu16005.64? Cu abundance from 16005.64{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACu16638.98? Cu abundance from 16638.98{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable[Cu/Fe]? Mean Cu abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A15/table_znZinc abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAZn16505.18? Zn abundance from 16505.18{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A15/table_yLine-by-line Yttrium abundances and mean [Y/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAY21260.45Y abundance from 21260.45{AA} linephys.abundfloatAY22543.84Y abundance from 22543.84{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Y/Fe]Mean Y abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_ceLine-by-line Cerium abundances and mean [Ce/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharACe15277.65? Ce abundance from 15277.65{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACe15829.83? Ce abundance from 15829.83{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableACe15977.12Ce abundance from 15977.12{AA} linephys.abundfloatACe16595.18Ce abundance from 16595.18{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Ce/Fe]Mean Ce abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_ndLine-by-line Neodymium abundances and mean [Nd/Fe]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharANd15368.14Nd abundance from 15368.14{AA} linephys.abundfloatANd16053.63? Nd abundance from 16053.63{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullableANd16262.04Nd abundance from 16262.04{AA} linephys.abundfloat[Nd/Fe]Mean Nd abundancephys.abund;stat.meanfloatJ/A+A/684/A15/table_ybYtterbium abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarName (HD, HIP, 2M)meta.id;meta.maincharAYb16498.40? Yb abundance from 16498.40{AA} linephys.abundfloatnullable