J/A+A/684/A149ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/684/A149doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36840149CDSDing M.Ryabtsev A.N.Kononov E.Y.Ryabchikova T.A.Clear C.P.,Concepcion F.Pickering J.C.2024-11-29T20:01:40Z2024-04-17T08:57:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fratomic-physicsOur goal is to accurately determine bound-to-bound transition wavelengths and energy levels of the low-lying open-shell configurations 4f^4^, 4f^3^ 5d, 4f^3^ 6s, and 4f^3^ 6p of doubly ionised neodymium (Nd III) through high-resolution spectroscopy and semi-empirical calculations. The emission spectra of neodymium (Nd, Z=60) were recorded using Penning and hollow cathode discharge lamps in the region 11 500-54000cm^-1^ (8695-1852{AA}) by Fourier transform spectroscopy at resolving powers up to 106. Wavenumber measurements were accurate to a few 10^-3^cm^-1^. Grating spectroscopy of Nd vacuum sliding sparks and stellar spectra were used to aid line and energy level identification. For the analysis, new Nd III atomic structure and transition probability calculations were carried out using the Cowan code parameterised by newly established levels. The classification of 432 transitions of Nd III from the Penning lamp spectra resulted in the determination of 144 energy levels of the 4f^4^, 4f^3^ 5d, 4f^3^ 6s, and 4f^3^ 6p configurations of Nd III, 105 of which were experimentally established for the first time. Of the 40 previously published Nd III levels, one was revised and 39 were confirmed. The results will not only benchmark and improve future semi-empirical atomic structure calculations of Nd III, but also enable more reliable astrophysical applications of Nd III, such as abundance analyses of kilonovae and chemically peculiar stars, and studies of pulsational wave propagation in these stars.2024A&A...684A.149Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A149CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A149https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A149http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A149https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A149https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A149http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A149GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/684/A149/table1Parameters of the least squares fit of Nd III energy levels in Cowan's codesPar[eo] Parity (e - even, o - odd)phys.atmol.paritycharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintConf1Configurationphys.atmol.configuration;instr.setupcharConf2Configuration (1)phys.atmol.configuration;instr.setupcharParamParameter Namemeta.id;stat.paramcharLSFvalLeast-Squares-Fitted Valuecm**-1stat.fit.paraminte_LSFval? Standard Deviation in LSF (2)cm**-1stat.errorintnullablef_LSFvalFlag on LSFvalmeta.codecharGroup? Linked Group Number (3)meta.idintnullableHFRvalAb Initio HFR Value (4)cm**-1phys.atmolintRatio? Ratio LSFval/HFRval (5)meta.notedoublenullableJ/A+A/684/A149/table5Energy levels experimentally established for the 4f^4^, 4f^3^5d, 4f^3^6s, and 4f^3^6p configurations of Nd IIIC3(Sub)configuration of the third leading eigenvector component (2)phys.atmol.configurationcharT3Term of the third leading eigenvector component (1)phys.atmolcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint(sub)confAssigned configuration (1)phys.atmol.configurationchartermAssigned term (2)phys.atmol.termcharJJ valuephys.mol.qnintEExcitation energy from the ground levelcm**-1phys.atmol.excitationdoublee_EUncertainty of excitation energy from the ground levelcm**-1stat.errorfloatNNumber of lines of the level observed in the Nd-Ar FT spectrameta.numberintN2Number of lines which were either blended or too weak and omitted from level energy optimisationmeta.numberintdE1Difference from Cowan code calculations done in this workcm**-1stat.fit.omc;phys.energyintdE2Difference from calculations by Gaigalas et al. (2019ApJS..240...29G)cm**-1stat.fit.omc;phys.energyintgLande g-factor calculated in this workphys.atmol.lande;meta.modelledfloatP1Percentage of the first leading eigenvector componentstat.paramintC1(Sub)configuration of the first leading eigenvector component (2)phys.atmol.configurationcharT1Term of the first leading eigenvector component (1)phys.atmolcharP2? Percentage of the second leading eigenvector componentstat.paramintnullableC2(Sub)configuration of the second leading eigenvector component (2)phys.atmol.configurationcharT2Term of the second leading eigenvector component (1)phys.atmolcharP3? Percentage of the third leading eigenvector componentstat.paramintnullableJ/A+A/684/A149/table6Classified transitions of Nd III originating from the 4f^3^5d, 4f^3^6s, and 4f^3^6p configurations in the Nd-Ar PDL FT spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintsnrSignal-to-noise ratiostat.snrintintRelative intensity (1)spect.line.intensityintgATransition probability weighted by upper level statistical weights**-1stat.weight;phys.atmol.transProb;phys.atmol.leveldoublelog(gf)Log of absorption oscillator strength weighted by lower level statistical weightstat.weight;phys.atmol.oscStrength;phys.atmol.levelfloatFWHMFull width at half maximumcm**-1spect.line.widthfloatwnObserved vacuum wavenumber (2)cm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_wnObserved vacuum wavenumber uncertainty (2)cm**-1stat.errorfloatRitzVacuum Ritz wavenumbercm**-1em.wavenumberdoublee_RitzVacuum Ritz wavenumber uncertaintycm**-1stat.errorfloatnbwBlend/weak line marker (5)meta.notecharobs-RitzDifference between observed and Ritz wavenumbercm**-1em.freqfloatlambdaAirAir Ritz wavelength (3)0.1nmem.wldoublee_lambdaAirAir Ritz wavelength uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatlowerConfigLower level (sub)configuration (4)phys.atmol.configurationcharlowerTermJLower level term and J value (4)phys.mol.qncharupperConfigUpper level (sub)configuration (4)phys.atmol.configurationcharupperTermJUpper level term and J value (4)phys.mol.qncharlowerELower level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoubleupperEUpper level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoubleJ/A+A/684/A149/table7Transitions of Nd III originating from the 4f^3^6s and 4f^3^6p configurations observed only in the Nd VS grating spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintintRelative intensity (1)spect.line.intensityintgATransition probability weighted by upper level statistical weight1e+06s**-1phys.atmol.transProbintlog(gf)Log of absorption oscillator strength weighted by lower level statistical weightstat.weight;phys.atmol.oscStrength;phys.atmol.levelfloatlambdaObserved vacuum wavelength0.1nmem.wldoublelambdaRitzVacuum Ritz wavelength0.1nmem.wldoublee_lambdaRitzVacuum Ritz wavelength uncertainty0.1nmstat.errorfloatlambdaAirAir Ritz wavelength (2)0.1nmem.wldoublelowerConfigLower level (sub)configuration (3)phys.atmol.configurationcharlowerTermJLower level term and J valuephys.mol.qncharupperConfigUpper level (sub)configuration (3)phys.atmol.configurationcharupperTermJUpper level term and J valuephys.mol.qncharlowerELower level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldoubleupperEUpper level energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.leveldouble