J/A+A/681/A64ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/681/A64doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36810064CDSKonstantopoulou C.De Cia A.Ledoux C.Krogager J.-K.Mattsson L.,Watson D.Heintz K.E.Peroux C.Noterdaeme P.Andersen A.C.,Fynbo J.P.U.Jermann I.Ramburuth-Hurt T.2024-11-06T20:06:42Z2024-05-03T12:53:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsmilky-way-galaxymagellanic-cloudschemical-abundancesinterstellar-mediumvisible-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyThe evolution of cosmic dust content and the cycle between metals and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM) play a fundamental role in galaxy evolution. The chemical enrichment of the Universe can be traced through the evolution of the dust-to-metal ratio (DTM) and the dust-to-gas ratio (DTG) with metallicity. The physical processes through which dust is created and eventually destroyed remain to be elucidated. We use a novel method to determine mass estimates of the DTM, DTG, and dust composition in terms of the fraction of dust mass contributed by element X (f_MX_) based on our previous measurements of the depletion of metals in different environments (the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds, and damped Lyman-{alpha} absorbers (DLAs) towards quasars (QSOs) and towards gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)), which were calculated from the relative abundances of metals in the ISM through absorption-line spectroscopy column densities observed mainly from VLT/UVES and X-shooter, and HST/STIS. We also derive the dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (A_V,depl_) for GRB-DLAs, the Magellanic Clouds, and the Milky Way, and compare it with the A_V_ estimated from extinction (A_V,ext_). We find that the DTM and DTG ratios increase with metallicity and with the dust tracer [Zn/Fe]. This suggests that grain growth in the ISM is the dominant process of dust production, at least in the metallicity range (-2<=[M/H]_tot_<=0.5) and redshift range (0.6<z<6.3) that we are studying. The increasing trend in the DTM and DTG with metallicity is in good agreement with a dust production and evolution hydrodynamical model. Our data suggest that the stellar dust yield is much lower (about 1%) than the metal yield and thus that the overall amount of dust in the warm neutral medium that is produced by stars is much lower than previously estimated. The global neutral gas metallicity is decreasing over cosmic time and is traced similarly by quasar-DLAs and GRB-DLAs. We find that, overall, A_V,depl_ is lower than A_V,ext_ for the Milky Way and in a few lines of sight for the Magellanic Clouds, a discrepancy that is likely related to the presence of carbonaceous dust associated with dense clumps of cold neutral gas. For the other environments studied here, we find good agreement overall between the A_V,ext_ and A_V,depl_. We show that the main elements (f_MX_>1%) that contribute to the dust composition, by mass, are O, Fe, Si, Mg, C, S, Ni, and Al for all the environments, with Si, Mg, and C being equivalent contributors. There are nevertheless variations in the dust composition depending on the overall amount of dust. The abundances measured at low dust regimes in quasar- and GRB-DLAs suggest the presence of pyroxene and metallic iron in dust. These results give important information on the dust and metal content of galaxies across cosmic times, from the Milky Way up to z=6.3.2024A&A...681A..64Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/681/A64CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/700/1299 : Gas-phase element depletions in the ISM (Jenkins, 2009)J/MNRAS/452/4326 : Metal-rich damped Ly{alpha} systems at z~2 (Berg+, 2015)J/ApJ/910/95 : METAL Hubble prog. II. LMC dust-to-gas ratioJ/A+A/666/A12 : QSO-DLA and MW stars column densitieshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A64https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A64https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A64http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A64GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A64/tableb1 (QSO-DLAs dust properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true17.1118431-0.62337890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A64/tableb2 (Milky Way dust properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true237.7447686-25.75129420.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A64/tableb3 (LMC dust properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true81.7914336-69.13234780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A64/tableb4 (SMC dust properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.8009019-73.10919780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A64/tableb5 (GRB-DLAs dust properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A64/tableb5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true256.062551.76666670.0055555555555555566/2 744 1060 1196 1539 1558 1633 2172 2348 4279 4481 4488 5439 5452 5739 5780 6403 7964 8343 8395 8939 9321 9730 9806 9940 9968 10061 10080 10103 10432 10571 10602 11113 11498 12438 13312 14825 15369 15478 16589 16752 16798 17215 17257 17314 17317 17404 17510 17772 17917 17999 18029 18084 18086 18308 18366 18765 18790 18858 19049 19097 19206 19456 19490 19682 20107 20516 20613 21012 21180 21438-21439 21595 22559 22816 22854 22862 22884 22917 22994 23306 25245 25294 25307 25901 25950 26011 26165-26166 26362 26453 26586 26614 26671 26981 27022 27037 27225-27226 27284 27434 27510 27650 27687 27728 27747 27780 27943 28039 28042 28539 28546 28669 28915 29893 30722 30818 31547 31705 33047 33053-33054 33092 33094-33095 33097 33099-33102 33112 33116 33120 33122 33126-33128 33295 33304 33306 33317 33328 34107 34379 34503 34699 34949 35392 35751 36035 36043 36086 37459 38853 38869 39100 39281 39327 39334 39907 39993 41103 41630 42366 42408 42470 42901 42981 43024 43062 44305 44312 44389 45401 45835 46057 46208 46529 46651 46851 46899 47148 47162 47436 47440 47620 48054 48149 48474 49004 49100 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/681/A64?format=asciiGamma-rayUVOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/681/A64/tableb1QSO-DLAs dust propertiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQSO or GRB namemeta.id;meta.maincharzabsAbsorption redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogNHI? HI column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI? HI column density errorstat.errorfloatnullablelogNH2? H2 column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH2? H2 column density errorstat.error;phys.columnDensityfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe] errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatDTM? Dust-to-metal ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTM? Dust-to-metal ratio error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableDTG? Dust-to-gas ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTG? Dust-to-gas ratio error (this work)stat.errordoublenullableDTMN? DTM in terms of column density (this work)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_DTMN? DTM in terms of column density error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableAVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (this work)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion error (this work)magstat.errorfloatnullable[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity from De Cia et al. (2018A&A...611A..76D, Cat. J/A+A/611/A76) in table B1phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullabler_logNHIReferences logNHI and logNH2 (1)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/681/A64/tableb2Milky Way dust propertiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQSO or GRB namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogNHI? HI column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI? HI column density errorstat.errorfloatnullablelogNH2? H2 column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH2? H2 column density errorstat.error;phys.columnDensityfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe] errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatDTM? Dust-to-metal ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTM? Dust-to-metal ratio error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableDTG? Dust-to-gas ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTG? Dust-to-gas ratio error (this work)stat.errordoublenullableDTMN? DTM in terms of column density (this work)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_DTMN? DTM in terms of column density error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableAVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (this work)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion error (this work)magstat.errorfloatnullable[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullabler_logNHIReferences logNHI and logNH2 (2)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainJ/A+A/681/A64/tableb3LMC dust propertiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQSO or GRB namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogNHI? HI column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI? HI column density errorstat.errorfloatnullablelogNH2? H2 column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH2? H2 column density errorstat.error;phys.columnDensityfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe] errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatDTM? Dust-to-metal ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTM? Dust-to-metal ratio error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableDTG? Dust-to-gas ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTG? Dust-to-gas ratio error (this work)stat.errordoublenullableDTMN? DTM in terms of column density (this work)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_DTMN? DTM in terms of column density error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableAVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (this work)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion error (this work)magstat.errorfloatnullable[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullabler_logNHIReferences logNHI and logNH2 (2)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/681/A64/tableb4SMC dust propertiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQSO or GRB namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogNHI? HI column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI? HI column density errorstat.errorfloatnullablelogNH2? H2 column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH2? H2 column density errorstat.error;phys.columnDensityfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe] errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatDTM? Dust-to-metal ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTM? Dust-to-metal ratio error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableDTG? Dust-to-gas ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTG? Dust-to-gas ratio error (this work)stat.errordoublenullableDTMN? DTM in terms of column density (this work)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_DTMN? DTM in terms of column density error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableAVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (this work)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion error (this work)magstat.errorfloatnullable[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullabler_logNHIReferences logNHI and logNH2 (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/681/A64/tableb5GRB-DLAs dust propertiesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQSO or GRB namemeta.id;meta.maincharzabsAbsorption redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogNHI? HI column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNHI? HI column density errorstat.errorfloatnullablelogNH2? H2 column densityphys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logNH2? H2 column density errorstat.error;phys.columnDensityfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloate_[Zn/Fe]Abundance [Zn/Fe] errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatDTM? Dust-to-metal ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTM? Dust-to-metal ratio error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableDTG? Dust-to-gas ratio (this work)phys.abunddoublenullablee_DTG? Dust-to-gas ratio error (this work)stat.errordoublenullableDTMN? DTM in terms of column density (this work)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_DTMN? DTM in terms of column density error (this work)stat.errorfloatnullableAVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion (this work)magphys.absorptionfloatnullablee_AVdepl? Dust extinction from the estimated dust depletion error (this work)magstat.errorfloatnullable[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity from De Cia et al. (2018A&A...611A..76D, Cat. J/A+A/611/A76) in table B1phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[M/H]tot? Total dust-corrected metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullabler_logNHIReferences logNHI and logNH2 (1)meta.ref;pos.frameint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main