J/A+A/681/A50ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/681/A50doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-n9/lfaCDSWallstrom S.H.J.Danilovich T.Muller H.S.P.Gottlieb C.A.Maes S.,Van de Sande M.Decin L.Richards A.M.S.Baudry A.Bolte J.,Ceulemans T.De Ceuster F.de Koter A.El Mellah I.Esseldeurs M.,Etoka S.Gobrecht D.Gottlieb E.Gray M.Herpin F.Jeste M.Kee D.,Kervella P.Khouri T.Lagadec E.Malfait J.Marinho L.McDonald I.,Menten K.M.Millar T.J.Montarges M.Nuth J.A.Plane J.M.C.Sahai R.,Waters L.B.F.M.Wong K.T.Yates J.Zijlstra A.2026-07-03T06:35:50Z2024-01-09T08:30:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsgiant-starschemical-abundancesspectroscopyThe dusty winds of cool evolved stars are a major contributor of the newly synthesised material enriching the Galaxy and future generations of stars. However, the details of the physics and chemistry behind dust formation and wind launching have yet to be pinpointed. Recent spatially resolved observations show the importance of gaining a more comprehensive view of the circumstellar chemistry, but a comparative study of the intricate interplay between chemistry and physics is still difficult because observational details such as frequencies and angular resolutions are rarely comparable. Aiming to overcome these deficiencies, ATOMIUM is an ALMA Large Programme to study the physics and chemistry of the circumstellar envelopes of a diverse set of oxygen-rich evolved stars under homogeneous observing conditions at three angular resolutions between ~0.02"-1.4". Here we summarize the molecular inventory of these sources, and the correlations between stellar parameters and molecular content. Seventeen oxygen-rich or S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red supergiant (RSG) stars have been observed in several tunings with ALMA Band 6, targeting a range of molecules to probe the circumstellar envelope and especially the chemistry of dust formation close to the star. We systematically assigned the molecular carriers of the spectral lines and measured their spectroscopic parameters and the angular extent of the emission of each line from integrated intensity maps. Across the ATOMIUM sample, we detect 291 transitions of 24 different molecules and their isotopologues. This includes several first detections in oxygen-rich AGB/RSG stars: PO v=1, SO2 v1=1 and v2=2, and several high energy H2O transitions. We also find several first detections in S-type AGB stars: vibrationally excited HCN 32 = 2, 3 and SiS 3 = 4, 5, 6, as well as first detections of the molecules SiC, AlCl, and AlF in W Aql. Overall, we find strong correlations between the following molecular pairs: CS and SiS, CS and AlF, NaCl and KCl, AlO and SO, SO2 and SO, and SO2 and H2O; meaning both molecules tend to have more detected emission lines in the same sources. The measured isotopic ratios of Si and S are found to be consistent with previous measurements, except for an anomalously high 29Si/30Si ratio of 4+/-1 in the RSG VX Sgr. This paper presents the overall molecular inventory and an initial analysis of the large ATOMIUM dataset, laying the groundwork for future work deriving molecular abundances and abundance profiles using radiative transfer modeling which will provide more rigorous tests for chemical models.2024A&A...681A..50Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/681/A50CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-tohttps://fys.kuleuven.be/ster/research-projects/aerosol/atomium/atomium :https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A50https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A50http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A50https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A50https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A50http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A50GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A50/tablea1 (Full list of identified molecules by source)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A50/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A50/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A50/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true257.8209144-32.32519830.0055555555555555566/8532 12882 17314 18364 28872 28917 29817 29877 29963 30606 42483 42489 44018 45809 46318 46938 48301https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/681/A50?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/681/A50/tablea1Full list of identified molecules by sourceSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharMoleculesAll molecules detected in the given sourcemeta.id;phys.mol_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/681/A50/tablea2Maximum radial extent of each molecule in each sourcel_rR*Limit flag on rR*meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharMoleculeMoleculemeta.notel_rLimit flag on rmeta.code.errorcharl_rcmLimit flag on rcmmeta.code.errorcharrMax radial extent in arcsecarcsecphys.angSizefloatrcmMax radial extent in cmcmphys.angSizedoublerR*Max radial extent in units of the stellar radius R*phys.angSizefloatJ/A+A/681/A50/tablea3All identified molecular linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLineFull line namemeta.id;spect.linenu0Rest frequency (1)GHzem.freqdoubleElowEnergy of the lower transition levelKphys.energy;phys.atmol.transition;phys.atmol.levelfloatNNumber of sources showing the linemeta.numberintNote[bcd] Note (2)meta.notecharRefReference for line parametersmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/681/A50/tablea4All unidentified linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnu0Rest frequency (GHz)GHzem.freqfloatSourcesSource(s) containing the given U-linemeta.notecharn_Sources[*] Note on Sources (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/681/A50/tablea5All detected lines in each source, and derived parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharLineFull line namemeta.id;spect.linenu0Rest frequencyGHzem.freqfloatRes[high med low] Angular resolution of the observationspos.angResolution;obscharApAperture diameterarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovfloatFpPeak fluxJyphot.fluxfloate_FpUncertainty on peak fluxJystat.errorfloatFInt? Integrated fluxJy.km/sphot.fluxfloatnullablee_FInt? Uncertainty on integrated fluxJy.km/sstat.errorfloatnullableVRW? Red wing velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableVBW? Blue wing velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableWVel? Velocity widthkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablee_WVel? Uncertainty on velocity widthkm/sstat.errorfloatnullabler? Emission radiusarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullableNotes[abcd, ] Notes (1)meta.notechar