J/A+A/681/A119ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/681/A119doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36810119CDSRodrigues X.Paliya V.S.Garrappa S.Omeliukh A.Franckowiak A.,Winter W.2024-11-06T20:06:34Z2024-01-26T09:04:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleigamma-ray-astronomygalaxiescatalogsx-ray-sourcesquasarsbl-lacertae-objectsastronomical-modelsThe origin of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux observed by the IceCube experiment is still under debate. Multiple associations have been reported between high-energy neutrino events and individual blazars, such as the source TXS 0506+056, which are active galaxies with relativistic jets pointing toward Earth. From a theoretical perspective, the properties of these sources as neutrino emitters are not yet well understood. By systematically modeling the effect of cosmic-ray protons on the multiwavelength data from the largest sample of bright gamma-ray blazars to date, we expect to learn about the multi-messenger nature of the active galaxy population as a whole, as well as the relationship between neutrino production and the multiwavelength spectrum of these sources. We predict the emitted multiwavelength and neutrino spectrum using a self-consistent numerical radiation model applied individually to each source in the sample.We then study the properties of the full population and identify empirical relations.We focus on public multiwavelength data from the radio to the gamma-ray bands from a sample of 324 blazars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), most of which are flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). This amounts to 34% of all FSRQs in the latest Fermi catalog. We demonstrate that the optical and gigaelectronvolt gamma-ray broadband features are generally well described by electron emission, which helps for the location of the emission region relative to the central black hole to be constrained. For 33% of the blazars in our sample, a description of the observed X-ray spectrum benefits from an additional component from proton interactions, in agreement with recent studies of individual IceCube candidate blazars. We show that, on average, blazars that are brighter in gigaelectronvolt gamma rays have a higher neutrino production efficiency but a lower best-fit baryonic loading. The predicted neutrino luminosity shows a positive correlation both with the observed flux of gigaelectronvolt gamma rays and with the predicted flux of megaelectronvolt gamma rays. We also estimate the diffuse neutrino flux from gamma-ray blazars by extrapolating the result to the Fermi population, and we show that it may be at the level of ~20% of the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube, in agreement with current limits from stacking analyses. We discuss the implications of our results for future neutrino searches and suggest promising sources for potential detections.2024A&A...681A.119Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/681/A119CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A119https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A119https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A119http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A119GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/681/A119/tableb1 (Best-fit model parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A119/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A119/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/681/A119/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.1684342-37.93877250.0055555555555555566/110 180 438 579 611 700 911 991 1085 2098 2143 2741 2836 2867 3886 4572 4601 4695 4770 4820 4880 5139 5154 5284 5352-5353 5371 5423 5448 5458 5546 5597 5693 5817 5848 5870 6018 6088 6164 6496 6501 6507 6548 6641 6777 6853 6963 6984 6996 7045 7226 7235 7336 7346 7389 7446 7548 7570 7623 7653 7709 7758 7896 7911 8057 8106 8199 8299 8487 8615 8699 8717 8805 8830 9075 9204 9442 9460 9545 9612 9629 9632-9633 9676 9711 9714 9723 9998 10163 10249-10250 10294 10352 10422 10466 10474 10548 10561 10974 11045 11116 11212 11396 11430 11523 11631 11639-11640 12173 12352 12475 12599 12604 12619 12625 13156 13352-13353 13410 13485 13496 14854 15023 15147 15286 15969 16027 16049 16059 16272 16281 16298 16661 16676 16720 17019 17184 17186 17215 17364 17414 17516 17541 17579 17602 17857 17917 17927 17944 18035 18084 18092 18119 18457 18624 18718 18755 19023 19088 19190 19370 19593 19622 19831 20099 20468 20657 20888 21121 21321 21358 21768 21905 21935 21960 21968 21972 22363 22396 22501 22558 22917 22950 23014 23099 23121 23215 23306 23364 23416 23436 23691 24084 24123 24608 24845 24906 25196 25409 25501 25503 25630 25673 25750 25818 26083 26131 26292 26303 26983 27060 27243 27310 27423 28139 28370 28479 28492 28517 28542 29016-29017 29570 29675 29772 31190 31391 31430 31451 31663-31664 31894 32261 32311 32738 33549 33560 33570 33684 33825 33881 34013 34038 34086 34095 34461 34517 34572 34675 34699 34870 35079 35119 35370 35590 35624 35706 35786 35801 36090 36100 36151 36155 36188 36333 36551 36554 36665 36941 37385 38277 38663 38763 38787 38802 39077 39131 39489 39848 40265 40344 40434 40527 40762 40831 41072 41335 42980 43246 43366 43822 44043 44069 44147 44247 44705 44730 45196 45713 46055 46204 46251 46337 46369 46373 46835 46964 47014 47016 47057 47151 47375 47512 47534 47540 47649 48023 48123 48306 48589 48595 48610 48798https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/681/A119?format=asciiGamma-rayX-raydefaultJ/A+A/681/A119/tableb1Best-fit model parametersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceFermi LAC source namemeta.id;meta.maincharAssocName of associated sourcemeta.idcharClassBlazar classsrc.classcharzSource redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatFNuBestMuon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with best-fit value of proton luminositymW.m**-2phot.flux;meta.modelledfloatFNuLowerMuon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with lower value of proton luminositymW.m**-2phot.flux;meta.modelledfloatFNUpperMuon neutrino flux at Earth predicted with upper value of proton luminositymW.m**-2phot.flux;meta.modelledfloatNNuBestNumber of neutrinos in IceCube predicted with best-fit value of proton luminosityyr**-1meta.numberfloatBFieldMagnetic field strength (1)Gphys.atmol.collStrength;obs.fieldfloatNNuLowerNumber of neutrinos in IceCube predicted with lower value of proton luminosityyr**-1meta.numberfloatNNuUpperNumber of neutrinos in IceCube predicted with upper value of proton luminosityyr**-1meta.numberfloatEPeakPredicted energy of the observed neutrino spectral peakGeVinstr.bandwidth;stat.maxfloatLDiscAccretion disc luminosity given in the rest frame of the supermassive black hole (2)1e-07Wphys.luminosityfloatRBLRBroad line region radius given in the rest frame of the supermassive black hole (2)cmphys.size.radiusfloatRDissDissipation radius given in the rest frame of the supermassive black hole (3)cmphys.size.radiusfloatRBlobSize of the spherical radiation zone (1)cmphys.size.radiusfloatGammaBlobBulk Lorentz factor of the radiation zonestat.fit.paramfloatPrGammaMaxMaximum proton Lorentz factor (1)stat.fit.paramfloatPrLumBestProton injection luminosity, best-fit value (1)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatPrLumLowerProton injection luminosity, lower value within 1 sigma of best fit (1)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatPrLumUpperProton injection luminosity, upper value within 1 sigma of best fit (1)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatElLumElectron injection luminosity (1)1e-07Wphys.luminosityfloatElGammaMinMinimum electron Lorentz factor (1)stat.fit.paramfloatElGammaMaxMaximum electron Lorentz factor (1)stat.fit.paramfloatElIndexElectron injection spectral index (1)spect.indexfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main