J/A+A/680/A104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/680/A104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-n8/lbaeCDSBucciarelli B.Stanghellini L.2026-07-01T14:01:23Z2023-12-19T07:58:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyplanetary-nebulaechemical-abundancesstellar-distancevisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxWe study the population of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) and their central stars (CSs) through the analysis of their distances and Galactic distribution. The PN distances are obtained by means of a revised statistical distance scale, based on an astrometrically-defined sample of CSs from Gaia DR3 as calibrators. The new statistical distances, together with the proper motion of the CSs - also from DR3, and with published PN abundances as well as radial velocities, are used to characterize the PN populations in the Galaxy, and to derive the radial metallicity gradient. The statistical scale is applied to infer distances of a significant number (~850) of Galactic PNe, for which we deliver a new catalog of PN distances. By adopting a circular velocity curve of the Galaxy, we also obtain peculiar 3D velocities for a large sample of PNe (~300). Elemental abundances of the PNe are culled from the literature for an updated catalog, to be used in our analysis and other external applications. The radial chemical gradient of the Galactic Disk is traced by PNe with available chemical abundances and distances, and kinematic data of the CSs are employed to identify the Halo PN population.We date PN progenitors based both on abundances and on kinematic properties, finding a confirmation of the first method with the second. For all PNe with at least one oxygen determination in the literature, we find a slope of the radial oxygen gradient equal to {DELTA}log(O/H)/{DELTA}RG=-0.0144+/-0.00385 [dex/kpc]. Furthermore, we estimate radial oxygen gradients for the PNe with old (>7.5Gyr) and young (<1Gyr) progenitors to be respectively {DELTA}log(O/H)/{DELTA}RG=-0.0121+/-0.00465 and -0.022+/-0.00758 [dex/kpc], thus disclosing a mild steepening of the gradient since Galaxy formation, with a slope change of 0.01dex. The time evolution is slightly higher (~0.015dex) if we select the best available abundances in the literature. This result is in broad agreement with previous PN results, but now based on DR3 Gaia analysis, and also in agreement with what traced by most other Galactic probes. We also find a moderate oxygen enrichment when comparing the PNe with young and old progenitors.2023A&A...680A.104Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/680/A104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)V/127 : MASH Catalogues of Planetary Nebulae (Parker+ 2006-2008)http://planetarynebulae.net/EN/hash.php : HASH database Home Pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/680/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/680/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/680/A104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/680/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/680/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/680/A104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/680/A104/table3 (Catalog of PNe with estimated statistical distances and peculiar velocities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true250.9740997-18.95331970.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/680/A104/table4 (C, N, O average abundances and PN ages)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true262.34762-26.43493720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/680/A104/table5 (C, N, O selected abundances and PN ages)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/680/A104/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true262.34762-26.43493720.0055555555555555565/7180 7194 7205 7209 7211 6/361 1051 1111 1200 1223 1244 1302 1338 1351 1399 1552 1562 1920 1930 1967 2395 2883 2887 2979 2993 3020 3059 3128 3152 3199 3291 3324 3332 3353 3586 3637 3659 3672 3681 3686 3732 3768 3819 4690 5996 6146 6292 6857 7134 9233 9461 9806 10049 10378 11605 12222 12405 12515 12577 12812 12852 12857 12907 12938 12944 12960 12963 12971 12983-12985 12992 12994 13039-13040 13044 13055 13149 13225 13676 13786 13796 13814 13955 13968 13992 13995 14005 14011 14048 14060 14063 14076 14118 14172 14198 14214 14226 14231 14239 14245 14258 14282 14338-14339 14344 14356 14360 14362-14363 14375 14382 14402 14415 14428-14429 14443 14452 14460 14462 14482 14491 14592 14596 14606 14608 14642 14644 14654 14660 14689 14709 14719 14736 14743 14786 14792 14796 14827 14834 14853 14872 14922 15145 15172 15351 15377 15379 15384 15407 15425 15428 15437 15451 15472 15481 15508 15552 15561 15621 15632 15639 15693 15721 15739 15750 15752 16243 16871 16886 20400 20776 20788 20816 20826 20829 20855 20951 21215 21315 21523 21526 21600 21609 21695 21732 21818 21948 22047 22053 22083 22093 22137 22166 22226 22280 22478 22660 22816 23389 23576 23658 23663 23688 23704 23734 23816 23949 24036 24361 24368 24379 24394 24484 24555 25008 27192 28679 28685 28697-28699 28703 28705 28711 28716-28718 28726 28728-28730 28732-28734 28747 28751 28754 28756 28766 28770 28774-28775 28780 28782-28784 28791-28792 28794-28798 28805 28819 28825 28835 28840-28841 28843 28850-28851 28856 28858 28860 28865 28867 28869-28873 28880-28882 28885-28888 28892 28898 28904 28906-28908 28910-28911 28917 28922-28923 28938 28941 28943 28963 28969 28975 28977 28980 28986 28991 29003 29022 29024 29037 29056 29058 29062-29064 29078 29081 29083 29086-29087 29092 29094 29096 29104-29105 29108-29109 29130 29134 29146-29147 29150 29155 29160 29164-29165 29168 29182 29185 29189 29193 29198 29200-29201 29205-29206 29208 29213 29219 29236 29250 29253-29255 29257 29260-29262 29266-29267 29274 29276 29278 29286 29296-29298 29309 29317 29326 29350 29393 29405 29427 29442 29448 29451 29454 29466 29470 29472 29496 29517 29520 29523 29527 29531 29540 29547 29566 29654 29718 29743 29834 29840 29852 29859 29866 29868 29870 29879 29886 29899 30110 30135 30208-30209 30214 30217 30220-30221 30225-30227 30247 30264 30276 30278 30283 30288 30297 30305 30308 30328 30340 30349 30379 30389-30390 30397 30403 30435 30472 30491 30498 30504-30505 30511 30518 30522 30527 30595 30598 30615 30621 30637 30656-30658 30665 30675 30684 30686-30687 30697 30699 31026 31095 31318 31670 31775 31847 31895 32001 32005 32007 32021 32042 32066 32068 32071 32083 32092 32101 32109 32124 32193 32571 32581 33029 36130 36938 37110 37151 37191 37212 37234 37277 37316 37322-37324 37332 37337 37348 37354 37361 37661 37701 37705 37708 37710 37731 37733 37735 37739 37745 37783 37835 37890 37895 37913-37915 37918 37929 37934 37959 37962-37963 38000-38002 38023 38028 38031 38034 38043 38063-38064 38075 38151 38187 38230 38364 38433 38436 38475 38512 38538 38563 39029 39143 39194 39198-39199 39205 39232 39261 39279 39283 39291 39363 39405 39717 39775 39801 39822 39852 39860 39935 39956 40070 40075 40130 40279 40510 40571 40577 40599 40613 40621 41145 41174 41186 41268 41336 41371 41434 41437 41439 41442 41448 41464 41467 41470-41471 41495 41551 41574 41576 41580-41582 41596 41617 41623 41638 41640 41646 41656 41664 41674 41679 41701 41713 41732 41748 41752 41754 41768 41789 41792-41793 41799 41803 41826 41831-41832 41842 41849 41874 41886 41892 41903 41946 41952 42005 42034 42044 42088 42090 42094 42098-42099 42139 42142 42147-42148 42151 42153 42157 42160 42162 42174 42180 42185 42188 42192 42194 42209 42222 42232 42254 42267 42283 42290 42296 42312-42313 42321 42335 42343 42354-42357 42360 42375 42383 42387 42389 42394 42396 42413 42418 42422 42425-42427 42437 42446 42452 42454 42460 42479 42483 42490 42493-42494 42505 42511-42512 42579 42599 42601 42632 42664 42711 42753 42771 42773 42792 42795 42811 42828 42835 42853 43012 43016 43021 43035 43039 43046 43063 43078 43087 43139 43296 43360 43579 43648 44048 44416 44707 45243 46712 47100 47618 47627 47663 47711 47782 47793 47859 47871 47921 48009 48032 48146 48776 48951 49083https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/680/A104?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/680/A104/table1The PNe identified as potential calibrators of the distance scalerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGPN name in the usual format: LLL.l+BB.bmeta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source IDmeta.idANameAlternate name of the PNmeta.idcharomegacGaia DR3 parallax of PN central star corrected for zero-point and biases (see paper)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_omegacParallax uncertainty from Gaia DR3 corrected for known bias (see paper)masstat.errordoublethetaAngular radius of the PNarcsecphys.angSizedoublelogF(Hb)logarithm of H{beta} flux (in erg/cm^2/s)log(mW.m**-2)phot.flux;em.line.HbetafloatcExtinction constantobs.atmos.extinctiondoublee_logF(Hb)Uncertainty on F(Hb) (in erg/cm^2/s)log(mW.m**-2)stat.errorfloate_cUncertainty on cstat.errorfloatlogMilogarithm of PN ionized masslog(solMass)phys.massdoubleJ/A+A/680/A104/table3Catalog of PNe with estimated statistical distances and peculiar velocitiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGPN name in the usual format: LLL.BB.bmeta.id;meta.maincharthetaAngular radius of the PNarcsecphys.angSizedoublelogF(Hb)logarithm of H{beta} flux (in erg/cm^2/s)log(mW.m**-2)phot.flux;em.line.Hbetafloate_logF(Hb)Uncertainty on F(Hb) (in erg/cm^2/s)log(mW.m**-2)stat.errorfloatcExtinction constantobs.atmos.extinctiondoublee_cUncertainty on cstat.errorfloatDistPN distance from our distance scale (parsecs)pcpos.distancedoubleE_DistUpper uncertainty of Distpcstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_DistLower uncertainty of Distpcstat.errordoubleVpec? Peculiar velocity of the PN central starkm/sphys.veloc;em.wl.centraldoublenullablee_Vpec? Uncertainty on Vpeckm/sstat.errordoublenullablePNPopDisk, Bulge, or Halo PN population (1)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/680/A104/table4C, N, O average abundances and PN agesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGPN name in the usual format: LLL.l+BB.bmeta.id;meta.maincharC/H? Average C/H abundance (G1)phys.abunddoublenullablee_C/H? Uncertainty on C/Hstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullableN/H? Average N/H abundance (G1)phys.abund;stat.meandoublenullablee_N/H? Uncertainty on N/Hstat.error;phys.abunddoublenullableO/H? Average O/H abundance (G1)phys.abund;stat.meandoublenullablee_O/H? Uncertainty on O/Hstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablePNPop[YOUNG OLD -] Assigned age group based on the abundances (G2)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/680/A104/table5C, N, O selected abundances and PN agesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGPN name in the usual format: LLL.l+BB.bmeta.id;meta.maincharC/H? Selected C/H abundance (G1)phys.abunddoublenullablee_C/H? Uncertainty on C/Hstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableN/H? Average N/H abundance (G1)phys.abund;stat.meandoublenullablee_N/H? Uncertainty on N/Hstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableO/H? Average O/H abundance (G1)phys.abund;stat.meandoublenullablee_O/H? Uncertainty on O/Hstat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablePNPop[YOUNG OLD -] Assigned age group based on selected abundances (G2)meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main