J/A+A/679/A94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/679/A94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-n7/ljeCDSDelgado Mena E.Gomes da Silva J.Faria J.P.Santos N.C.Martins J.H.,Tsantaki M.Mortier A.Sousa S.G.Lovis C.2026-07-01T14:01:20Z2023-11-17T09:09:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersmultiple-starsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyWe carried out a long-term campaign spanning 17 years to obtain high-precision radial velocities (RVs) with the HARPS spectrograph for a large sample of evolved stars in open clusters. The aim of this work is to search for planets around evolved stars, with a special focus on stars more massive than 2M_{sun}_ in light of previous findings that show a drop in planet occurrence around stars above this mass. We used kima -- a package for Bayesian modelling of RV and activity data with Gaussian process capability and Nested sampling for model comparison -- to find the Keplerian orbits most capable of explaining the periodic signals observed in RV data, which have semiamplitudes of between 75 and 500m/s. We also studied the variation of stellar activity indicators and photometry in order to discard stellar signals mimicking the presence of planets. We present a planet candidate in the open cluster NGC3680 that orbits the 1.64M_{sun}_ star No. 41. The planet has a minimum mass of 5.13M_J_ and a period of 1155 days. We also present periodic and large-amplitude RV signals of probable stellar origin in two more massive stars (5.84 and 3.05M_{sun}_ in the clusters NGC2345 and NGC3532). Finally, using new data, we revise the RV signals of the three stars analysed in our previous paper. We confirm the stellar origin of the signals observed in NGC2423 No. 3 and NGC4349 No. 127. On the other hand, the new data collected for IC4651 No. 9122 (1.79M_{sun}_) seem to support the presence of a bona fide planet of 6.22MJ at a period of 744 days, although more data will be needed to discard a possible correlation with the CCF-FWHM. The targets presented in this work showcase the difficulties in interpreting RV data for evolved massive stars. The use of several activity indicators (CCF-FWHM, CCF-BIS, Halpha), photometry, and long-term observations (covering several orbital and stellar rotational periods)is required to discern the true nature of the signals. However, in some cases, all this information is insufficient, and the inclusion of additional data 'such as the determination of magnetic field variability or RV points in the near-infrared' will be necessary to identify the nature of the discovered signals.2023A&A...679A..94Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/679/A94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/679/A94/table2 (Gaia DR3 identification for each target)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A94/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A94/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A94/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true171.4522083-43.16458330.0055555555555555566/21531 21633 37944 38242 42274 43022https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/679/A94?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/679/A94/table2Gaia DR3 identification for each targetNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Simbad right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_idmeta.idVCShow the Radial Velocity curvesmeta.ref.urlcharSNameShort namemeta.idcharNHNumber of HARPS observationsmeta.numberintNC? Number of CORALIE observationsmeta.numberintnullableJ/A+A/679/A94/harpsHARPS RV for 6 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort namemeta.idcharBJDDate of observation (BJD-2400000)JDtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError in RVkm/sstat.errordoubleFWHMCCF FWHMkm/sspect.line.widthdoublee_FWHMError in CCF-FWHMkm/sstat.error;phys.angSizedoubleBISCCF bisector inverse slopekm/sphys.velocdoublee_BISError in CCF-BISkm/sstat.errordoubleHa06H{alpha} index in H{alpha}06 bandpassspect.index;em.line.Halphadoublee_Ha06Error in Ha06stat.errordoubleHa16H{alpha} index in H{alpha}16 bandpassspect.index;em.line.Halphadoublee_Ha16Error in Ha16stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/679/A94/coralieCORALIE RV for 2 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNameShort namemeta.idcharBJDDate of observation (BJD-2400000)JDtime.epochdoubleRVRadial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVError in Radial Velocitykm/sstat.errordoubleFWHMCCF-FWHMkm/sspect.line.widthdoublee_FWHMError in CCF-FWHMkm/sstat.error;phys.angSizedoubleBISCCF-BISkm/sphys.velocdoublee_BISError in CCF-BISkm/sstat.errordouble