J/A+A/678/A71ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/678/A71doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36780071CDSRatzenboeck S.Grossschedl J.Alves J.Miret-Roig N.Bomze I.,Forbes J.Goodman A.Hacar A.Lin D.Meingast M. Moeller T.Piecka M.,Posch L.Rottensteiner A.Swiggum C.Zucker C.2026-03-17T20:00:54Z2023-10-06T07:42:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersstellar-agesvisible-astronomyWe reconstructed the star formation history of the Sco-Cen OB association using a novel high-resolution age map of the region. We developed an approach to produce robust ages for Sco-Cen's recently identified 37 stellar clusters using the SigMA algorithm. The Sco-Cen star formation timeline reveals four periods of enhanced star formation activity, or bursts, remarkably separated by about 5Myr. Of these, the second burst, which occurred about 15 million years ago, is by far the dominant one, and most of Sco-Cen's stars and clusters were in place by the end of this burst. The formation of stars and clusters in Sco-Cen is correlated but not linearly, implying that more stars were formed per cluster during the peak of the star formation rate. Most of the clusters that are large enough to have supernova precursors were formed during the second burst around 15Myr ago. Star and cluster formation activity has been continuously declining since then. We have clear evidence that Sco-Cen formed from the inside out and that it contains 100-pc long chains of contiguous clusters exhibiting well-defined age gradients, from massive older clusters to smaller young clusters. These observables suggest an important role for feedback in forming about half of Sco-Cen stars, although follow-up work is needed to quantify this statement. Finally, we confirm that the Upper-Sco age controversy discussed in the literature during the last decades is solved: the nine clusters previously lumped together as Upper-Sco, a benchmark region for planet formation studies, exhibit a wide range of ages from 3 to 19Myr.2023A&A...678A..71Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/678/A71CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/677/A59 : SigMA clusters in Sco-Cen (Ratzenboeck+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A71https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A71https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A71http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A71GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/678/A71/table1 (Sco-Cen cluster ages)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A71/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A71/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A71/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.551229-24.1895330.0055555555555555566/29193 29208 29384 30917 31240 36956 37012 41127 41130 41507 41646 41680 41973 42361 42414 42428 42546 42611 42620 42687 42824 42941 42979 42983 43161 43270 43327 43336 44310 44360 44378 44389 44418 47825 47845https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/678/A71?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/678/A71/table1Sco-Cen cluster agesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSigMA[1/37] Membership label for each cluster (SigMA) (1)meta.id;meta.mainintRegionTraditional Sco-Cen subregions for orientation (ScoCenRegion)obs.fieldcharGroupCluster Name (GroupName)meta.idcharNNumber of sources per cluster (NrSources)meta.numberintNBPRPNumber of sources used in fit with Gaia Bp-Rp colors (NrSourcesBPRP)meta.numberintNGRpNumber of sources used in fit with Gaia G-Rp colors (NrSourcesGrp)meta.numberintAgeP-BpRpAge determined using PARSEC models and Bp-Rp colors (AgePARSEC_BPRP)Myrtime.agefloate_AgeP-BpRpLower 1{sigma} age interval (PARSEC models, Bp-Rp colors) (e_AgePPARSEC_BPRP)Myrstat.errorfloatE_AgeP-BpRpUpper 1{sigma} age interval (PARSEC models, Bp-Rp colors) (E_AgePARSEC_BPRP)Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloatAgeP-GRpAge determined using PARSEC models and G-Rp colors (AgePPARSEC_GRP)Myrtime.agefloate_AgeP-GRpLower 1{sigma} age interval (PARSEC models, G-Rp colors) (e_AgePARSEC_GRP)Myrstat.errorfloatE_AgeP-GRpUpper 1{sigma} age interval (PARSEC models, G-Rp colors) (E_AgePARSEC_GRP)Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloatAgeB-BpRpAge determined using BHAC15 models and Bp-Rp colors (AgeBHAC15_BPRP)Myrtime.agefloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharAgeB-GRpAge determined using BHAC15 models and G-Rp colors (AgeBHAC15_GRP)Myrtime.agefloate_AgeB-BpRpLower 1{sigma} age interval (BHAC15 models, Bp-Rp colors) (e_AgeBHAC15_BPRP)Myrstat.errorfloatE_AgeB-BpRpUpper 1{sigma} age interval (BHAC15 models, Bp-Rp colors) (E_AgeBHAC15_BPRP)Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloate_AgeB-GRpLower 1{sigma} age interval (BHAC15 models, G-Rp colors) (e_AgeBHAC15_GRP)Myrstat.errorfloatE_AgeB-GRpUpper 1{sigma} age interval (BHAC15 models, G-Rp colors) (E_AgeBHAC15_GRP)Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloat_RAPositions from Ratzenboeck et al., 2023, Cat. J/A+A/677/A59 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Ratzenboeck et al., 2023, Cat. J/A+A/677/A59 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main