J/A+A/678/A27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/678/A27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36780027CDSIsmail D.Beelen A.Buat V.Berta S.Cox P.Stanley F.Young A.,Jin S.Neri R.Bakx T.Dannerbauer H.Butler K.Cooray A.Nanni A.,Omont A.Serjeant S.van der Werf P.Vlahakis C.Weiss A.Yang C.,Baker A.J.Bendo G.Borsato E.Chartab M.Dye S.Eales S.Gavazzi R.,Hughes D.Ivison R.Jones B.M.Krips M.Lehnert M.Marchetti L.,Messias H.Negrello M.Perez-Fournon I.Riechers D.A.Urquhart S.2025-05-22T20:01:26Z2023-10-04T07:44:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomygalaxiesinfrared-sourcesredshiftedphotometryWe present the dust properties of 125 bright Herschel galaxies selected from the z-GAL NOEMA spectroscopic redshift survey. All the galaxies have precise spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.3<z<5.4. The large instantaneous bandwidth of NOEMA provides an exquisite sampling of the underlying dust continuum emission at 2 and 3mm in the observed frame, with flux densities in at least four sidebands for each source. Together with the available Herschel 250, 350, and 500um and SCUBA-2 850um flux densities, the spectral energy distribution (SED) of each source can be analyzed from the far-infrared to the millimeter, with a fine sampling of the Rayleigh-Jeans tail. This wealth of data provides a solid basis to derive robust dust properties, in particular the dust emissivity index ({beta}) and the dust temperature (T_dust_). In order to demonstrate our ability to constrain the dust properties, we used a flux-generated mock catalog and analyzed the results under the assumption of an optically thin and optically thick modified black body emission. The robustness of the SED sampling for the z-GAL sources is highlighted by the mock analysis that showed high accuracy in estimating the continuum dust properties. These findings provided the basis for our detailed analysis of the z-GAL continuum data. We report a range of dust emissivities with {beta}~1.5-3 estimated up to high precision with relative uncertainties that vary in the range 7%-15%, and an average of 2.2+/-0.3. We find dust temperatures varying from 20 to 50K with an average of T_dust_~30K for the optically thin case and T_dust_~38K in the optically thick case. For all the sources, we estimate the dust masses and apparent infrared luminosities (based on the optically thin approach). An inverse correlation is found between T_dust_ and {beta} with {beta}{prop.to}T^-0.69^_dust_, which is similar to what is seen in the local Universe. Finally, we report an increasing trend in the dust temperature as a function of redshift at a rate of 6.5+/-0.5K/z for this 500um-selected sample. Based on this study, future prospects are outlined to further explore the evolution of dust temperature across cosmic time.2023A&A...678A..27Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/678/A27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/473/1751 : Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) (Bakx+, 2018)J/A+A/635/A7 : NOEMA redshift of bright Herschel galaxies (Neri+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/678/A27/tablea1 (Observed continuum positions, spectroscopic redshifts and flux densities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.6707083-6.87227780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/678/A27/tableb1 (Infrared luminosities, dust masses, dust temperatures, and spectral emissivity)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A27/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true353.6708333-6.87222220.0055555555555555566/4102 8202 10257 10270 10286 10289 10292 10300 10350 10372 10385-10386 10389 10392 10405 10407 10418 10422 10442 10445 10456 10458 10466 10758 17278 17334 17337 17340 17343 17353 17361 17375 17391 17402 17405 17727 17814 17827 17834 17856 17982 17996-17997 18003 18005 18012 18014 18017 18023 18034 18053 18065 18068 18070-18071 18075 18101 18103 18106 18111 18161 18170 18172 18178 18304 18703 18712-18713 18717-18719 18755 18767 18786-18788 18804 19460 19467 19478 21837 21839 21841 21844 21853 21875 21878-21879 25591 25593 25596-25597 25918 25937-25938 25942 25944-25945 25948 25957 25960-25961 25972-25973 25977 26003 26049 26253 26255 26273 26276 26279 26283 26285 26288 26290 26961 26963 26967 27279 27301 27304 28117 281254.939735066876217e-23 1.5386197415655904e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/678/A27?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/678/A27/tablea1Observed continuum positions, spectroscopic redshifts and flux densitiesn_zsp[a] Note on zsp (2)meta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000? Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablezsp? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublenullableS74.55GHz? Flux at 74.55GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S74.55GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 74.55GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS76.262GHz? Flux at 76.262GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S76.262GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 76.262GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS79.766GHz? Flux at 79.766GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S79.766GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 79.766GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS87.508GHz? Flux at 87.508GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S87.508GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 87.508GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS88.256GHz? Flux at 88.256GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S88.256GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 88.256GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.036GHz? Flux at 90.036GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.036GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.036GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.037GHz? Flux at 90.037GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.037GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.037GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.041GHz? Flux at 90.041GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.041GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.041GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.049GHz? Flux at 90.049GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.049GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.049GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.05GHz? Flux at 90.05GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.05GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.05GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.051GHz? Flux at 90.051GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.051GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.051GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS90.765GHz? Flux at 90.765GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S90.765GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 90.765GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS91.75GHz? Flux at 91.75GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S91.75GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 91.75GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS93.5GHz? Flux at 93.5GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S93.5GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 93.5GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS94.843GHz? Flux at 94.843GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S94.843GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 94.843GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS95.254GHz? Flux at 95.254GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S95.254GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 95.254GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS96.0GHz? Flux at 96.0GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S96.0GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 96.0GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS97.356GHz? Flux at 97.356GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S97.356GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 97.356GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS102.996GHz? Flux at 102.996GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S102.996GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 102.996GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS103.744GHz? Flux at 103.744GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHzfloatnullablee_S103.744GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 103.744GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS106.253GHz? Flux at 106.253GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S106.253GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 106.253GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS108.988GHz? Flux at 108.988GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S108.988GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 108.988GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS110.331GHz? Flux at 110.331GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S110.331GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 110.331GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS111.488GHz? Flux at 111.488GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S111.488GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 111.488GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS112.844GHz? Flux at 112.844GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S112.844GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 112.844GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS131.25GHz? Flux at 131.25GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S131.25GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 131.25GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS131.256GHz? Flux at 131.256GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S131.256GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 131.256GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS139.0GHz? Flux at 139.0GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S139.0GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 139.0GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS139.002GHz? Flux at 139.002GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S139.002GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 139.002GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS139.013GHz? Flux at 139.013GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S139.013GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 139.013GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS146.738GHz? Flux at 146.738GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S146.738GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 146.738GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS146.744GHz? Flux at 146.744GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S146.744GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 146.744GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS146.837GHz? Flux at 146.837GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S146.837GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 146.837GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS154.49GHz? Flux at 154.49GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S154.49GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 154.49GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS154.501GHz? Flux at 154.501GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S154.501GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 154.501GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS162.325GHz? Flux at 162.325GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzfloatnullablee_S162.325GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 162.325GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS216.719GHz? Flux at 216.719GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S216.719GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 216.719GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableS232.207GHz? Flux at 232.207GHz (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S232.207GHz? 1-sigma flux error at 232.207GHzmJystat.errorfloatnullableSourceHeLMS/HerS/HerBS catalogues source namesmeta.id;meta.maincharNote[+bc] Note on Source (1)meta.notecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/678/A27/tableb1Infrared luminosities, dust masses, dust temperatures, and spectral emissivitymuMdustDust mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzspecSpectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatbetaSpectral emissivity indexspect.indexfloatE_betaSpectral emissivity index error (84th percentile)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_betaSpectral emissivity index error (16th percentile)stat.errorfloatTdustDust temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatE_TdustDust temperature error (84th percentile)Kstat.error;stat.maxfloate_TdustDust temperature error (16th percentile)Kstat.errorfloatE_muMdustDust mass error (84th percentile) (1)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_muMdustDust mass error (16th percentile) (1)solMassstat.errorfloatmuLFIRFIR luminosity (50-1000um) (2)solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloatE_muLFIRFIR luminosity (50-1000um) error (84th percentile) (2)solLumstat.error;stat.maxfloate_muLFIRFIR luminosity (50-1000um) error (16th percentile) (2)solLumstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSourceHeLMS/HerS/HerBS catalogues source namesmeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable