J/A+A/678/A1ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/678/A1doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-n6/lbCDSFuhrmeister B.Czesla S.Schmitt J.H.M.M.Schneider P.C.Caballero J.A.,Jeffers S.V.Nagel E.Montes D.Galvez Ortiz M.C.Reiners A.Ribas I.,Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.Henning T.Lodieu N.Martin-Fernandez P.,Morales J.C.Schoefer P.Seifert W.Zechmeister M.2026-07-01T14:00:50Z2023-09-27T08:22:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyThe hydrogen Paschen lines are known activity indicators, but studies of them in M dwarfs during quiescence are as rare as their reports in flare studies. This situation is mostly caused by a lack of observations, owing to their location in the near-infrared regime, which is covered by few high-resolution spectrographs. We study the Pa{beta} line, using a sample of 360 M dwarfs observed by the CARMENES spectrograph. Descending the spectral sequence of inactive M stars in quiescence, we find the Pa{beta} line to get shallower until about spectral type M3.5 V, after which a slight re-deepening is observed. Looking at the whole sample, for stars with H{alpha} in absorption, we find a loose anti-correlation between the (median) pseudo-equivalent widths (pEWs) of H{alpha} and Pa{beta} for stars of similar effective temperature. Looking instead at time series of individual stars, we often find correlation between pEW(H{alpha}) and pEW(Pa{beta}) for stars with H{alpha} in emission and an anti-correlation for stars with H{alpha} in absorption. Regarding flaring activity, we report the automatic detection of 35 Paschen line flares in 20 stars. Additionally we found visually six faint Paschen line flares in these stars plus 16 faint Paschen line flares in another 12 stars. In strong flares, Paschen lines can be observed up to Pa 14. Moreover, we find that Paschen line emission is almost always coupled to symmetric H{alpha} line broadening, which we ascribe to Stark broadening, indicating high pressure in the chromosphere. Finally we report a few Pa{beta} line asymmetries for flares that also exhibit strong H{alpha} line asymmetries.2023A&A...678A...1Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/678/A1CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/678/A1https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/678/A1GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/678/A1/table2 (Pa line measurements)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A1/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A1/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/678/A1/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.295333345.78655560.0055555555555555566/22 105 131 250 497 546 624 725 778 811 1032-1033 1672 1712 1793 1822 1875 1938 2435 2515 2545 2681 2737 2747 2922 3031 3035 3266 3345 3374 3658 3682 3715 3791 3900 4033 4366 4444 4595 4651 4867 5000 5009 5041 5207 5212 5343 5354 5488 5534 5590 5610 5842 5849 6384 6552 6672 6676 6809 6894 6980 7003 7103 7181 7262 7264 7395 7428 7471 7510 7605 7611 7775 7837 7921 7937 7940 7980 7984 8023 8032 8123 8163 8208 8240 8281 8331 8394 8562 8588 8617 8627 8733 8843 8915 9188 9471 9529 9578 9597 9750 10004 10037 10149 10169 10225 10278 10448 10464-10465 10694-10695 10901 10999 11044 11177 11255 11403 11459 11636 11671 11923 11962 11974 12140 12184 12191 12621 12732 12865 13124 13427 13451 13567 13688 13743 13875 13912 14277 14395 14515 14709 14781 14803 14850 14985 14993-14994 15052 15078 15311 15346 15355 15431 15548 15598 15602 15629 15635 15748 15763 15792 15960 15997 16041 16092 16117 16266 16754 16758 17020 17271 17302 17319 17348 17412 17606 17870 18195 18268 18364 18440 18496 18553 18666 18761 18789 18942 19050 19064 19131 19306 19352 19466 19791 19879 20023 20100 20109 20311 20459 20472 20795 20896 21051 21151 21171 21427 21647 21747 21953 21969 21986 22014 22222 22277 22289 22309 22559 22626 22645 22661 22709 22807 22942 23014 23094 23293 23363 23453 23564 23718 23731 23735 23743 23867 23910 23997 24213 24227 24231 24239 24977 24995 25009 25363 25388 25512 25528 25792 25849 25989 26327 26487 26538 26560 26563 26583 26699 26706 26731 26757 26768 26821 26972 27201 27289 27320 27392 27419 27459 27462 27730 27734 27762 27787 27820 27912 28223 28279 28341 28343 28646 28955 29146 29170 29458 29684 29764 30011 30345 30429 30455 30490 30505 30771 30833 30893 31014 31019 31191 31229 31642 31686 31767 31781 31803 31811 32033 32076 32093 32115 32329 32335 32392 32458 32491 32541 32730 32753 36643 36732 40250 40359 40386 40435-40436 40505 40513 40772 44378 44518 44696 44728 44921 44936-44937 44967 48274 48485 48500 48801 48906 48935 48958 49101https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/678/A1?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/678/A1/table2Pa line measurementsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identification numbermeta.id;meta.maincharNameCommon name of objectmeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypefloatTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivefloatloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatpEWHalMedian H{alpha} pseudo equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.medianfloatpEWPabMedian Pa{beta} pseudo equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.medianfloatpEWPagMedian Pa{gamma} pseudo equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.medianfloatpEWPadMedian Pa{delta} pseudo equivalent width (1)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;stat.medianfloatMAD(pEWHa)Median average deviation about the median (MAD) of pEW(Halpha)0.1nmstat.stdev;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatMAD(pEWPab)Median average deviation about the median (MAD) of pEWPab0.1nmstat.stdev;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatMAD(pEWPag)Median average deviation about the median (MAD) of pEWPag0.1nmstat.stdev;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatMAD(pEWPad)Median average deviation about the median (MAD) of pEWPad0.1nmstat.stdev;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatProtRotation perioddtime.periodfloatvsiniRotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatfloat_RAPositions from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main