Mass-loss rate of RSGs in the SMC

Mass-loss rate of RSGs in the SMCJ/A+A/676/A84ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/676/A84doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36760084CDSYang M.Bonanos A.Z.Jiang B.W.Zapartas E.Gao J.Ren Y.Lam M.I.,Wang T.D.Maravelias G.Gavras P.Wang S.Chen X.D.Tramper F.,de Wit S.Chen B.Q.Wen J.Liu J.M.Tian H.Antoniadis K.Luo C.Q.2024-11-06T20:05:37Z2023-08-10T08:20:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudsstellar-mass-losslate-type-starssupergiant-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyThe mass-loss rate (MLR) is one of the most important parameters in astrophysics, because it impacts many areas of astronomy, such as ionizing radiation, wind feedback, star-formation rates, initial mass functions, stellar remnants, supernovae, and so on. However, the most important modes of mass loss are also the most uncertain, as the dominant physical mechanisms that lead to this phenomenon are stull largely unknown. Here we assemble the most complete and clean red supergiant (RSG) sample (2121 targets) so far in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with 53 different bands of data to study the MLR of RSGs. In order to match the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we created a theoretical grid of 17820 oxygen-rich models ("normal" and "dusty" grids are half-and-half) using the radiatively driven wind model of the DUSTY code, covering a wide range of dust parameters. We select the best model for each target by calculating the minimal modified chi-square and visual inspection. The resulting MLRs from DUSTY are converted to real MLRs based on the scaling relation, for which a total MLR of 6.16x10^-3^M_{sun}_/yr is measured (corresponding to a dust-production rate of ~6x10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr), with a typical MLR of ~10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr for the general population of the RSGs. The complexity of mass-loss estimations based on the SED is fully discussed for the first time, and our results indicate large uncertainties based on the photometric data (potentially up to one order of magnitude or more). The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) and luminosity versus median-absolute-deviation (MAD) diagrams of the sample indicate the positive relation between luminosity and MLR. Meanwhile, the luminosity versus MLR diagrams show a "knee-like" shape with enhanced mass loss occurring above log_10_(L/L_{sun}_)~4.6, which may be due to the degeneracy of luminosity, pulsation, low surface gravity, convection, and other factors. We derive our MLR relation using a third-order polynomial to fit the sample and compare our results with previous empirical MLR prescriptions. Given that our MLR prescription is based on a much larger sample than previous determinations, it provides a more accurate relation at the cool and luminous region of the HR diagram at low metallicity compared to previous studies. Finally, nine targets in our sample were detected in the UV, which could be an indicator of OB-type companions of binary RSGs.2023A&A...676A..84Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/676/A84CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/455 : Gaia DR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/236 : UBVR CCD survey of the Magellanic clouds (Massey+, 2002)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/288 : IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2007)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/298 : AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalogues (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)II/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/351 : VISTA Magellanic Survey (VMC) catalog (Cioni+, 2011)II/335 : GALEX UV sources revised catalog (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)II/358 : SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey. DR1.1 (Wolf+, 2018)J/AJ/146/62 : HERschel HERITAGE in Magellanic Clouds (Meixner+, 2013)J/AJ/140/416 : IR photometry of massive stars in the SMC (Bonanos+, 2010)J/PASJ/62/273 : AKARI SMC photometry (Ita+, 2010)J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC and SAGE-LMC (Boyer+, 2011)J/ApJ/778/15 : SAGE-SMC III. Young stellar objects (Sewilo+, 2013)J/A+A/578/A3 : MC new survey of supergiants (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)J/MNRAS/451/3504 : Classification of IRS sources in the SMC (Ruffle+, 2015)J/AJ/155/207 : SMC yellow supergiant stars properties (Neugent+, 2018)J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A84https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A84GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/676/A84/table2 (Catalog of 2121 RSG candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A84/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A84/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A84/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.57875-73.5255880.0055555555555555565/8323-8324 8326 8329 6/32953 32955 32958 33285-33287 33291 33300 33302 33308 33310 33313 33315 33321 33325 33328-333307.665958069654821e-21 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/676/A84?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/676/A84/table2Catalog of 2121 RSG candidatesImagDENIS? DENIS I-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_UmagMCPS? U-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableBmagMCPS? MCPS B-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableJmagVMCMAD? VMC J-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID? ID from Yang et al. (2019, Cat. J/A+A/629/A91)meta.id;meta.mainintnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ2mag? 2MASS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_J2mag? J-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableH2mag? 2MASS H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_H2mag? H-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKs2mag? 2MASS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ks2mag? Ks-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableYmagNSCMAD? NSC Y-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableYmagNSCSD? NSC Y-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableDPnumNumber of data pointsmeta.numberintIRAC1? Spitzer IRAC1-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_IRAC1? IRAC1-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableIRAC2? Spitzer IRAC2-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_IRAC2? IRAC2-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableIRAC3? Spitzer IRAC3-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_IRAC3? IRAC3-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableIRAC4? Spitzer IRAC4-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_IRAC4? IRAC4-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableMIPS24? Spitzer MIPS24-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_MIPS24? MIPS24-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableWISE1? ALLWISE WISE1-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_WISE1? WISE1-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableWISE2? ALLWISE WISE2-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_WISE2? WISE2-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableWISE3? ALLWISE WISE3-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_WISE3? WISE3-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableWISE4? ALLWISE WISE4-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_WISE4? WISE4-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablePlxGGaia parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigdoublee_PlxGGaia parallax errormasstat.errorfloatpmRA*GGaia proper motion along RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*Gproper motion error along RAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEGGaia proper motion along DECmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEGproper motion error along DECmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmagGaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_GmagG-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatBPmagGaia BP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BPmagBP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatRPmagGaia RP-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_RPmagRP-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatRVG? Gaia radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVG? radial velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableYmagVMC? VMC Y-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_YmagVMC? Y-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableJmagVMC? VMC J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagVMC? J-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableKsmagVMC? VMC Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KsmagVMC? Ks-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableJmagIRSF? IRSF J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagIRSF? J-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableHmagIRSF? IRSF H-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HmagIRSF? H-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableKsmagIRSF? IRSF Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KsmagIRSF? Ks-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablee_ImagDENIS? I-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableJmagDENIS? DENIS J-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagDENIS? J-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableKsmagDENIS? DENIS Ks-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KsmagDENIS? Ks-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableN3mag? AKARI N3-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_N3mag? N3-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableN4mag? AKARI N4-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_N4mag? N4-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableS7mag? AKARI S7-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_S7mag? S7-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableS11mag? AKARI S11-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_S11mag? S11-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableL15mag? AKARI L15-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_L15mag? L15-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableL24mag? AKARI L24-band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_L24mag? L24-band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableumagSkyM? SkyMapper u-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umagSkyM? u-band magnitude errormagstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullablevmagSkyM? SkyMapper v-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_vmagSkyM? v-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablegmagSkyM? SkyMapper g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmagSkyM? g-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablermagSkyM? SkyMapper r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagSkyM? r-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableimagSkyM? SkyMapper i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagSkyM? i-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablezmagSkyM? SkyMapper z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmagSkyM? z-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableumagNSC? NSC u-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umagNSC? u-band magnitude errormagstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullablegmagNSC? NSC g-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmagNSC? g-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablermagNSC? NSC r-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagNSC? r-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableimagNSC? NSC i-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagNSC? i-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullablezmagNSC? NSC z-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmagNSC? z-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableYmagNSC? NSC Y-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_YmagNSC? Y-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableVmagM2002? Massey (2002, Cat. II/236) V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VmagM2002? V-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableB-VM2002? Massey (2002, Cat. II/236) B-V colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_B-VM2002? B-V color errormagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BfloatnullableU-BM2002? Massey (2002, Cat. II/236) U-B colormagphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_U-BM2002? U-B color errormagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.UfloatnullableV-RM2002? Massey (2002, Cat. II/236) V-R colormagphot.color;em.opt.V;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_V-RM2002? V-R color errormagstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.VfloatnullableUmagMCPS? MCPS U-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_BmagMCPS? B-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableVmagMCPS? MCPS V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VmagMCPS? V-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableGALEXFUV? GALEX FUV-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullablee_GALEXFUV? FUV-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableGALEXNUV? GALEX NUV-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.UV.200-300nmfloatnullablee_GALEXNUV? NUV-band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatnullableS2013YSOYSO classification from Sewilo et al. (2013, Cat. J/ApJ/778/15)src.classcharClassR2015-IRSMIR spectral classification from Ruffle et al. (2015, Cat J/MNRAS/451/3504)src.classcharClassB2010-MKOptical spectral classification from Bonanos et al. (2010, Cat. J/AJ/140/416)src.classcharSpVarGF2015Spectral variability flag from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/578/A3)src.classcharRVGF2015? Radial velocity from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/578/A3)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableClassGF2015-MKOptical spectral classification from Gonzalez-Fernandez et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/578/A3)src.classcharRVN2018? Radial velocity from Neugent et al. (2018, Cat. J/AJ/155/207 )km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableClassN2018-MKOptical spectral classification from Neugent et al. (2018, Cat. J/AJ/155/207 )src.classcharRVSimbad? Radial velocity from Simbadkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableClassSimbad-MKSpectral classification from Simbadsrc.classcharMainTypeSimbadMain object type from Simbadsrc.class;meta.maincharOTypeSimbadOther object types from Simbadsrc.classcharWISE1med? WISE1-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableWISE1MADl? WISE1-band long-term MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableWISE1MADs? WISE1-band short-term MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableWISE1SDl? WISE1-band long-term SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableWISE1SDs? WISE1-band short-term SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableWISE1Amp? WISE1-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableWISE2med? WISE2-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableWISE2MADl? WISE2-band long-term MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableWISE2MADs? WISE2-band short-term MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableWISE2SDl? WISE2-band long-term SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableWISE2SDs? WISE2-band short-term SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableWISE2Amp? WISE2-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableIRAC1med? IRAC1-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableIRAC1MAD? IRAC1-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableIRAC1SD? IRAC1-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableIRAC1Amp? IRAC1-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableIRAC2med? IRAC2-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableIRAC2MAD? IRAC2-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableIRAC2SD? IRAC2-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableIRAC2Amp? IRAC2-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableYmagVMCmed? VMC Y-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableYmagVMCMAD? VMC Y-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableYmagVMCSD? VMC Y-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableYmagVMCAmp? VMC Y-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableJmagVMCmed? VMC J-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableJmagVMCSD? VMC J-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableJmagVMCAmp? VMC J-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableKsmagVMCmed? VMC Ks-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableKsmagVMCMAD? VMC Ks-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableKsmagVMCSD? VMC Ks-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableKsmagVMCAmp? VMC Ks-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableJmagIRSFmed? IRSF J-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableJmagIRSFMAD? IRSF J-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableJmagIRSFSD? IRSF J-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableJmagIRSFAmp? IRSF J-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableHmagIRSFmed? IRSF H-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableHmagIRSFMAD? IRSF H-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableHmagIRSFSD? IRSF H-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableHmagIRSFAmp? IRSF H-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableKsmagIRSFmed? IRSF Ks-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableKsmagIRSFMAD? IRSF Ks-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableKsmagIRSFSD? IRSF Ks-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableKsmagIRSFAmp? IRSF Ks-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableGmagmed? Gaia G-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableGmagMAD? Gaia G-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableGmagSD? Gaia G-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableGmagAmp? Gaia G-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableBPmagmed? Gaia BP-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableBPmagMAD? Gaia BP-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableBPmagSD? Gaia BP-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullablePmagAmp? Gaia BP-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableRPmagmed? Gaia RP-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableRPmagMAD? Gaia RP-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableRPmagSD? Gaia RP-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableRPmagAmp? Gaia RP-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableBestClassGaiaGaia Best variable star typesrc.classcharBestClassScoreGaia? Score of the best typesrc.classfloatnullableumagNSCmed? NSC u-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullableumagNSCMAD? NSC u-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableumagNSCSD? NSC u-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableumagNSCAmp? NSC u-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablegmagNSCmed? NSC g-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullablegmagNSCMAD? NSC g-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullablegmagNSCSD? NSC g-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullablegmagNSCAmp? NSC g-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablermagNSCmed? NSC r-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullablermagNSCMAD? NSC r-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullablermagNSCSD? NSC r-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullablermagNSCAmp? NSC r-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableimagNSCmed? NSC i-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableimagNSCMAD? NSC i-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullableimagNSCSD? NSC i-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullableimagNSCAmp? NSC i-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullablezmagNSCmed? NSC z-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullablezmagNSCMAD? NSC z-band MADmagstat.stdev;stat.medianfloatnullablezmagNSCSD? NSC z-band SDmagstat.stdevfloatnullablezmagNSCAmp? NSC z-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableYmagNSCmed? NSC Y-band median magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableYmagNSCAmp? NSC Y-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableOGLELPVTypeOGLE long-period variable typesrc.classcharOGLELPVSp[O/C] OGLE long-period variable spectral type (O: oxygen-rich, C: carbon-rich)src.spTypecharOGLELPVI? OGLE mean I-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableOGLELPVV? OGLE mean V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableOGLELPVPer1? Primary perioddtime.perioddoublenullableOGLELPVIamp1? I-band amplitude of the primary periodmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableOGLELPVPer2? Secondary perioddtime.perioddoublenullableOGLELPVIamp2? I-band amplitude of the secondary periodmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableOGLELPVPer3? Tertiary perioddtime.perioddoublenullableOGLELPVIamp3? I-band amplitude of the tertiary periodmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableOGLECCepModeOGLE classic Cepheids pulsation mode (F: fundamental, 1O: first overtone)meta.codecharOGLECCepI? OGLE mean I-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableOGLECCepV? OGLE mean V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableOGLECCepPer? Perioddtime.perioddoublenullablee_OGLECCepPer? Period errordstat.errorfloatnullableOGLECCepT0? Time of maximum brightness (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublenullableOGLECCepIamp? I-band amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableOGLECCepR21? Fourier coefficient R_21_phot.mag;arith.ratiofloatnullableOGLECCepphi21? Fourier coefficient phi_21_stat.fit.paramfloatnullableOGLECCepR31? Fourier coefficient R_31_phot.mag;arith.ratiofloatnullableOGLECCepphi31? Fourier coefficient phi_31_stat.fit.paramfloatnullableOGLEEclTypeOGLE Eclipsing Binary subtypesrc.classcharOGLEEclI? OGLE mean I-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableOGLEEclV? OGLE mean V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableOGLEEclPer? Perioddtime.perioddoublenullableOGLEEclEP? Primary eclipse epochdtime.epochdoublenullableOGLEEclDP? Primary eclipse depthmagphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatnullableOGLEEclDS? Secondary eclipse depthmagphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatnullableRank? Rank from Yang et al. (2019, Cat. J/A+A/629/A91)meta.codeintnullableMChi2Minimal modified chi-squarestat.fit.chi2doubleODepthOptical depthphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatLogLumLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatLogTeffEffective temperaturelog(K)phys.temperature.effectivefloatLogMLR? Mass-loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossdoublenullablen_LogMLR[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharmbolBolometric magnitudemagphot.mag.bolfloatClassB2011-SAGEIR color classification from Boyer et al. (2011, Cat. J/AJ/142/103)src.classcharTypeVMCVMC Variable star typesrc.classchar