J/A+A/676/A106ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/676/A106doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36760106CDSBaumeister P.Tosi N.2024-11-28T20:04:34Z2023-08-17T08:10:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsastronomical-modelsstellar-radiistellar-massesCharacterizing the interior structure of exoplanets is essential for understanding their diversity, formation, and evolution. As the interior of exoplanets is inaccessible to observations, an inverse problem must be solved, where numerical structure models need to conform to observable parameters such as mass and radius. This is a highly degenerate problem whose solution often relies on computationally-expensive and time-consuming inference methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We present ExoMDN, a machine-learning model for the interior characterization of exoplanets based on Mixture Density Networks (MDN). The model is trained on a large dataset of more than 5.6 million synthetic planets below 25 Earth masses consisting of an iron core, a silicate mantle, a water and high-pressure ice layer, and a H/He atmosphere. We employ log-ratio transformations to convert the interior structure data into a form that the MDN can easily handle. Given mass, radius, and equilibrium temperature, we show that ExoMDN can deliver a full posterior distribution of mass fractions and thicknesses of each planetary layer in under a second on a standard CPU. Observational uncertainties can be easily accounted for through repeated predictions from within the uncertainties. We use ExoMDN to characterise the interior of 22 confirmed exoplanets with mass and radius uncertainties below 10% and 5% respectively, including the well studied GJ 1214 b, GJ 486 b, and the TRAPPIST-1 planets. We discuss the inclusion of the fluid Love number k_2_ as an additional (potential) observable showing how it can significantly reduce the degeneracy of interior structures. Utilizing the fast predictions of ExoMDN, we show that measuring k_2_ with an accuracy of 10% can constrain the thickness of the Earth's core and mantle to approx. 13% of the true values.2023A&A...676A.106Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/676/A106CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-tohttps://github.com/philippbaumeister/ExoMDN : Github repositoryhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A106https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A106http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/676/A106https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A106https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A106http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/676/A106GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/676/A106/tablea1 (Interior structures of 75 exoplanets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A106/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A106/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/676/A106/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true228.2481744-16.72449970.0055555555555555566/1585 3900 4651 7487 7605 11057 11724 14278 14824 14939 15134 15172 15748 15973 16258 16347 16472 16847 18726 18881 20667 21206 21986 22351 23867 25699 25723 25725 26538 26768 27358 27787 28400 28548 29349 31216 32811 33210 33386 33898 33972 36614 36643 37453 38376 38464 38946 40250 40833 41941 42986 43631 44474 46128 47488https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/676/A106?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/676/A106/tablea1Interior structures of 75 exoplanetsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet name (name)meta.id;meta.maincharRadiusPlanet radius (radius)(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcfloate_RadiusRadius uncertainty (E_radius)(6.3781x10+6m)stat.error;phys.size.radiusfloatMassPlanet mass (mass)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_MassMass uncertainty (E_mass)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloateqtPlanet equilibrium temperature (eqt)Kphys.temperaturefloate_eqtUncertainty of equilibrium temperature (E_eqt)Kstat.errorfloatr_NameReference (mass and radius), in refs.dat (r_name)meta.ref;pos.framecharr_eqtReference for eqt values, in refs.dat (r_eqt)meta.ref;pos.framecharCore-rfMedian core radius fraction (core_rf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Core-rfUncertainty on core_rf (upper value) (E_core_rf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Core-rfUncertainty on core_rf (lower value) (e_core_rf) (2)stat.errordoubleMantle-rfMedian mantle radius fraction (mantle_rf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Mantle-rfUncertainty on mantle_rf (upper value) (E_mantle_rf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Mantle-rfUncertainty on mantle_rf (lower value) (e_mantle_rf) (2)stat.errordoubleWater-rfMedian water radius fraction (water_rf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Water-rfUncertainty on water_rf (upper value) (E_water_rf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Water-rfUncertainty on water_rf (lower value) (e_water_rf) (2)stat.errordoubleatm-rfMedian atmosphere radius fraction (atm_rf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_atm-rfUncertainty on atm_rf (upper value) (E_atm_rf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_atm-rfUncertainty on atm_rf (lower value) (e_atm_rf) (2)stat.errordoubleCore-mfMedian core mass fraction (core_mf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Core-mfUncertainty on core_mf (upper value) (E_core_mf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Core-mfUncertainty on core_mf (lower value) (e_core_mf) (2)stat.errordoubleMantle-mfMedian mantle mass fraction (mantle_mf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Mantle-mfUncertainty on mantle_mf (upper value) (E_mantle_mf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Mantle-mfUncertainty on mantle_mf (lower value) (e_mantle_mf) (2)stat.errordoubleWater-mfMedian water mass fraction (water_mf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_Water-mfUncertainty on water_mf (upper value) (E_water_mf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Water-mfUncertainty on water_mf (lower value) (e_water_mf) (2)stat.errordoubleatm-mfMedian atmosphere mass fraction (atm_mf)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiodoubleE_atm-mfUncertainty on atm_mf (upper value) (E_atm_mf) (1)stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_atm-mfUncertainty on atm_mf (lower value) (e_atm_mf) (2)stat.errordouble_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/676/A106/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibcodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor namesmeta.bib.authorchar