J/A+A/674/A75ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/674/A75doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-n2/lhfCDSNony T.Galvan-Madrid R.Motte F.Pouteau Y.Cunningham N.Louvet F.,Stutz A.M.Lefloch B.Bontemps S.Brouillet N.Ginsburg A.Joncour I.,Herpin F.Sanhueza P.Csengeri T.Towner A.P.M.Bonfand M.,Fernandez-Lopez M.Baug T.Bronfman L.Busquet G.Di Francesco J.,Gusdorf A.Lu X.Olguin F.Valeille-Manet M.Whitworth A.P.2026-07-01T14:00:41Z2023-06-05T08:35:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyThe origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) and its relation with the core mass function (CMF) are actively debated issues with important implications in astrophysics. Recent observations in the W43 molecular complex of top-heavy CMFs, with an excess of high-mass cores compared to the canonical mass distribution, raise questions about our understanding of the star formation processes and their evolution in space and time. We aim to compare populations of protostellar and prestellar cores in three regions imaged in the ALMA-IMF Large Program. We created an homogeneous core catalogue in W43, combining a new core extraction in W43-MM1 with the catalogue of W43-MM2&MM3 presented in a previous work. Our detailed search for protostellar outflows enabled us to identify between 23 and 30 protostellar cores out of 127 cores in W43-MM1 and between 42 and 51 protostellar cores out of 205 cores in W43-MM2&MM3. Cores with neither outflows nor hot core emission are classified as prestellar candidates. We found a similar fraction of cores which are protostellar in the two regions, about 35%. This fraction strongly varies in mass, from 15-20% at low mass, between 0.8 and 3M_{sun}_ up to about 80% above 16M_{sun}_. Protostellar cores are found to be, on average, more massive and smaller in size than prestellar cores. Our analysis also revealed that the high-mass slope of the prestellar CMF in W43, alpha=-1.46_-0.19_^+0.12^, is consistent with the Salpeter slope, and thus the top-heavy form measured for the global CMF, alpha=-0.96, is due to the protostellar core population. Our results could be explained by clump-fed models in which cores grow in mass, especially during the protostellar phase, through inflow from their environment. The difference between the slopes of the prestellar and protostellar CMFs moreover implies that high-mass cores grow more in mass than low-mass cores.2023A&A...674A..75Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/674/A75CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/636/A38 : W43-MM1 ALMA ^12^CO(2-1) datacube (Nony+, 2020)J/A+A/662/A9 : 15 dense molecular cloud regions ALMA images (Ginsburg+, 2022)J/A+A/664/A26 : W43-MM2+MM3 ministarburst ALMA data (Pouteau+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A75https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A75GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/674/A75/tablef2 (Catalog of cores in W43-MM1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true281.9459167-1.9074750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/674/A75/tablef1 (Catalog of cores in W43-MM2&MM3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/tablef1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true281.9033333-2.0150750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/674/A75/list (List of fits datacubes)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A75/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true281.90253-2.014380.0055555555555555566/302621.528037907652962e-22 1.528037907652962e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/674/A75?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/674/A75/tablef2Catalog of cores in W43-MM1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/177] Core numbermeta.idintNameCore full name, W43-MM1_ALMA-IMF1847s-154smeta.id;meta.maincharRAICRSRight Ascension ICRS, Epoch=J2000pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEICRSDeclination ICRS, Epoch=J2000pos.eq.dec;meta.mainaFWHMFWHM major axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatbFWHMFWHM minor axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatPAPosition angle (North to East)degpos.posAngintSpeakPeak flux at 1.3mmmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_SpeakPeak flux uncertaintymJy/beamstat.errorfloatSintIntegrated flux at 1.3mmmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_SintIntegrated flux uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatTdustDust temperatureKphys.temperatureinte_TdustDust temperature uncertaintyKstat.errorintMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassMass uncertaintysolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatBlue[N/Y/Y?] Outflow Blue lobe [No/Yes/Possibly]meta.codecharRed[N/Y/Y?] Outflow Red lobe [No/Yes/Possibly]meta.codecharComComment on protostellar core nature (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/674/A75/tablef1Catalog of cores in W43-MM2&MM3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/287] Core numbermeta.idintNameCore full name, W43-MM1_ALMA-IMF RAhmsDEdmsmeta.id;meta.maincharRAICRSRight Ascension ICRS, Epoch=J2000pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEICRSDeclination ICRS, Epoch=J2000pos.eq.dec;meta.mainaFWHMFWHM major axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatbFWHMFWHM minor axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatPAPosition angle (North to East)degpos.posAngintMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassMass uncertaintysolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatBlue[N/Y/Y?] Outflow Blue lobe [No/Yes/Possibly]meta.codecharRed[N/Y/Y?] Outflow Red lobe [No/Yes/Possibly]meta.codecharComComment on protostellar core nature, tentative or low velocity outflows, hot coremeta.notecharJ/A+A/674/A75/listList of fits datacubesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintNzNumber of slicesmeta.numberintObs.dateObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullablebFreqLower value of frequency intervalGHzem.freq;stat.minfloatBFreqUpper value of frequency intervalGHzem.freq;stat.maxfloatdFreqFrequency resolutionHzspect.resolutionintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar