J/A+A/674/A110ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/674/A110doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36740110CDSCarmona A.Delfosse X.Bellotti S.Cortes-Zuleta P.Ould-Elhkim M.,Heidari N.Mignon L.Donati J.F.Moutou C.Cook N.Artigau E.,Fouque P.Martioli E.Cadieux C.Morin J.Forveille T.Boisse I.,Hebrard G.Diaz R.F.Lafreniere D.Kiefer F.Petit P.Doyon R.,Acuna L.Arnold L.Bonfils X.Bouchy F.Bourrier V.Dalal S.,Deleuil M.Demangeon O.Dumusque X.Hara N.Hoyer S.Mousis O.,Santerne A.Segrasan D.Stalport M.Udry S.2025-05-22T20:01:14Z2023-10-03T14:33:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsm-starsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyThe search for extrasolar planets around the nearest M dwarfs is a crucial step toward identifying the nearest Earth-like planets. One of the main challenges in this search is that M dwarfs can be magnetically active and stellar activity can produce radial velocity (RV) signals that could mimic those of a planet. We aim to investigate whether the 2.2-day period observed in optical RVs of the nearby active M dwarf star Gl 388 (AD Leo) is due to stellar activity or to a planet that corotates with the star as suggested in the past. We obtained quasi-simultaneous RVs of Gl 388 from 2019 to 2021 with SOPHIE, the optical echelle spectrograph R~75k) at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France, and RV and Stokes V measurements with SPIRou, the near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (R~70k). The SOPHIE RV time series (precision of 3-5m/s per visit) displays a periodic signal with a 2.23+/-0.01 day period and 23.6+/-0.5m/s amplitude, which is consistent with previous HARPS observations obtained in 2005-2006. The SPIRou RV time series (precision of 2m/s per visit) is flat at 5m/s rms and displays no periodic signals. RV signals of amplitude higher than 5.3m/s at a period of 2.23 days can be excluded with a confidence level higher than 99%. Using the modulation of the longitudinal magnetic field (B_l_) measured with SPIRou as a proxy of stellar rotation, we measure a rotation period of 2.2305+/-0.0016 days. SPIRou RV measurements provide solid evidence that the periodic variability of the optical RVs of Gl 388 is due to stellar activity rather than to a corotating planet. The magnetic activity nature of the optical RV signal is further confirmed by the modulation of B_l_ with the same period. The SPIRou campaign on Gl 388 demonstrates the power of near-infrared RV to confirm or infirm planet candidates discovered in the optical around active stars. Our SPIRou observations additionally reiterate how effective spectropolarimetry is at determining the stellar rotation period from the variations of B_l_.2023A&A...674A.110Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/674/A110CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/637/A13 : AD Leo high resolution spectra (Muheki+, 2020)J/A+A/638/A5 : HD 285507 and AD Leo light and velocity curves (Carleo+, 2020)J/A+A/666/A143 : AD Leo RV and stellar activity indices (Kossakowski+, 2022)J/A+A/669/A118 : AD Leo spectral observations (Wollmann+, 2023)J/A+A/676/A56 : Large-scale magnetic field of AD Leo (Bellotti+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A110https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A110https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A110http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A110GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/674/A110/tablec1HARPS RV measurements of Gl 388recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs.dateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2400000)dtime.epochdoubledRVRelative radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_dRVRelative radial velocity errorm/sstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/674/A110/tablec2SOPHIE RV measurements of Gl 388recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs.dateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2400000)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatdRVRelative radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_dRVRelative radial velocity errorm/sstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/674/A110/tablec3SPIRou RV and Bl measurements of Gl 388recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs.dateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2400000)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatdRVRelative radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_dRVRelative radial velocity errorm/sstat.errorfloatBl? Longitudinal magnetic fieldGphys.magFieldfloatnullablee_Bl? Longitudinal magnetic field errorGstat.errorfloatnullableBl2? Second longitudinal magnetic field valueGphys.magField;stat.valuefloatnullablee_Bl2? Second longitudinal magnetic field errorGstat.errorfloatnullable