J/A+A/673/A44ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/673/A44doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36730044CDSFerrone S.Di Matteo P.Mastrobuono-Battisti A.Haywood M.Snaith O.N.,Montuori M.Khoperskov S.Valls-Gabaud D.2024-09-02T20:01:10Z2023-08-30T14:41:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyglobular-star-clustersastronomical-modelsvisible-astronomyWe present the e-TidalGCs project, aimed at modeling and predicting the extra-tidal features surrounding all Galactic globular clusters for which 6D phase-space information, masses, and sizes are available (currently numbering 159 globular clusters). We focus the analysis and presentation of the results on the distribution of extra-tidal material on the sky, as well as on the different structures found at different heliocentric distances. We emphasize the wide variety of morphologies found: beyond the canonical tidal tails, our models reveal that the extra-tidal features generated by globular clusters take a wide variety of shapes, from thin and elongated shapes to thick and complex halo-like structures. We also compare some of the most well-studied stellar streams found around Galactic globular clusters to our model predictions, namely, those associated with the clusters NGC 3201, NGC 4590, NGC 5466, and Pal 5. Additionally, we investigate how the distribution and extension in the sky of the simulated streams vary with the Galactic potential by making use of three different models, either containing a central spheroid, not containing one, or containing a stellar bar. Overall, our models predict that the mass lost by the current globular cluster population in the field from the last 5Gyrs is between 0.3-2.1x10^7^M_{sun}_. This amount is comparable to a value between 7-55% of the current mass. Most of this lost mass is found in the inner Galaxy, with the half-mass radius of this population being between 4-6kpc. The outputs of the simulations will be publicly available, coinciding with the unique opportunity presented by the delivery of the ESA Gaia mission and complementary spectroscopic surveys. Their exquisite data will offer the possibility to carry out novel comparisons with the models discussed in this work.2023A&A...673A..44Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A44CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A44https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A44GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/673/A44/tablea1 (Current positions in the sky, proper motions, line-of-sight velocities, distances and relative uncertainties, masses, and half-mass radii for all globular clusters analyzed in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A44/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A44/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A44/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.0908333-19.82972220.0055555555555555566/1133 3950 6389 9436 9666 10008 10321 10336 12405 12425 12507 12531 12943 14489 16647 17121 17711 19091 20001 21017 24843 25486 25873 27237 27981 27986 28067 28577 28705 28717 28741 28751 28768-28769 28778 28781 28805 28808 28815 28817 28833 28835 28838 28855 28867-28868 28876-28877 28882 28889 28895 28903 28905 28959 28962 28970 28973-28974 29077 29090 29097 29184 29187 29195 29202 29216 29222 29231 29233 29248 29267 29289 29294 29318 29377 29626 29632 29636-29637 29816 29870 30321 30323 30378 30769 30998 31019 31043 31095 31115 31128 31398 31417 31723 32083 33321 33330 33635 34242 34317 34811 36971 37294 38465 39642 39954 41011 41257 41304 41507 41522 41624 41847 41852 42076 42152-42153 42204 42278 42314 42320 42360-42361 42466 42700 42761 42789 42841 42862 42955 42958 42990 43125 43193 43227 43894 44086 44220 44427 47125 47620 47745 47777 47825 47866 47868 47903 47916 47935 47971 48035 48434 48444 48698 48771 48952https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/673/A44?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/673/A44/tablea1Current positions in the sky, proper motions, line-of-sight velocities, distances and relative uncertainties, masses, and half-mass radii for all globular clusters analyzed in this studySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharDistDistancekpcpos.distancefloate_DistDistance errorkpcstat.errorfloatRAdegRight ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.raDEdegDeclination (J2000)degpos.eq.decpmRAProper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAProper motion along RA errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEProper motion along DE errormas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatvlosLine-of-sight velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_vlosLine-of-sight velocity errorkm/sstat.errorfloatMGCMasssolMassphys.massintrhHalf-mass radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/673/A44/tableb1Crossing time, tcross, and median error in energy conservation, for all 159 clusters evolved in isolationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Cluster[(*)] Note (1)meta.notechartcrossCrossing time (SQRT(r_c_^3^/G.M_GC_))time.crossingdoublemerrMedian error in energy conservationstat.errordoubleJ/A+A/673/A44/tabled1Classification of the 159 globular clusters studied in this paperrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharrmaxMaximum radiuskpcphys.size.radius;stat.maxfloatAngleAngle (arctan(zmax/Rmax))degstat.fit.paramfloatClass[DIO] Classification (1)meta.code.classchar