J/A+A/673/A100ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/673/A100doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36730100CDSChu A.Durret F.Ellien A.Sarron F.Adami C.Marquez I.Martinet N.,de Boer T.Chambers K.C.Cuillandre J.-C.Gwyn S.Magnier E.A.,McConnachie A.W.2024-11-06T20:03:50Z2023-05-12T08:16:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersredshiftedvisible-astronomysloan-photometryabsolute-magnitudeThe formation process of fossil groups (FGs) is still under debate, and, due to the relative rarity of FGs, large samples of such objects are still missing. The aim of the present paper is to increase the sample of known FGs, and to analyse the properties of their brightest group galaxies (BGG) and compare them with a control sample of non-FG BGGs. Based on the large spectroscopic catalogue of haloes and galaxies publicly made available by Tinker, we extract a sample of 87 FG and 100 non-FG candidates. For all the objects with data available in UNIONS (initially the Canada France Imaging Survey, CFIS), in the u and r bands, and/or in an extra r-band processed to preserve all low surface brightness features (rLSB hereby), we made a 2D photometric fit of the BGG with GALFIT with one or two Sersic components. We also analysed how the subtraction of intracluster light contribution modifies the BGG properties. From the SDSS spectra available for the BGGs of 65 FGs and 82 non- FGs, we extracted the properties of their stellar populations with Firefly. To complement our study, we investigated the origin of the emission lines in a nearby FG, dominated by the NGC 4104 galaxy, to illustrate in detail the possible origin of emission lines in the FG BGGs, involving the presence or absence of an AGN. Morphologically, a single Sersic profile can fit most objects in the u band, while two Sersics are needed in the r and rLSB bands, both for FGs and non-FGs. Non-FG BGGs cover a larger range of Sersic index n. FG BGGs follow the Kormendy relation (mean surface brightness versus effective radius) previously derived for almost one thousand brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) by Chu et al. (2022A&A...666A..54C) while non-FGs BGGs are in majority located below this relation, with fainter mean surface brightnesses. This suggests that FG BGGs have evolved similarly to BCGs, and non-FG BGGs have evolved differently from both FG BGGs and BCGs. All the above properties can be strongly modified by the subtraction of intracluster light contribution. Based on spectral fitting, the stellar populations of FG and non-FG BGGs do not differ significantly. The morphological properties and the Kormendy relation of FG and non-FG BGGs differ, suggesting they have had different formation histories. However, it is not possible to trace differences in their stellar populations or in their large scale distributions.2023A&A...673A.100Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A100CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A100https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A100https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A100http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A100GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/673/A100/tablea1 (List of the brightest group galaxies for the 87 FGs (fossil groups) candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.649-10.53780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/673/A100/tablea2 (List of the brightest group galaxies for the 100 non-FGs (non fossil groups) used as a comparison sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A100/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true120.167328.47650.0055555555555555565/1254 6/4106 4215 4341 4424 4604 4697 4715 4745 4898 4943 4950 4954 4956 4959 4962-4963 4966 4971 4988 5005 5009-5011 5014-5015 5022 5027 5029 5031 5037 5039 5042-5044 5048 5052 5055 5067-5069 5071 5079 5087-5088 5092 5095-5096 5099 5101 5109 5112 5115-5117 5282 5286 5293 5597 5637 5642-5643 5650 5675-5676 5708 5730 5738 5764 5766 5772 5776-5777 5789 5895 5994 6214 6226 6236-6238 6400 6404-6405 6410 6412 6414 6417 6424 6444 6447 6451 6459 6464 6467 6472 6475 6481 6504 6544 6649 7240 7315 8355 8368 8454 8485 8618 8675 9057 9136 9160 9178 9253 9339 9386 9429 9760 9830 9894 9964 10209 10318 10456 10698 10920 10932 11103 11155 11245 11282 11370 11393 11950 12404 17230 17237 17508 17516 18416 18749 18845 18861 18948 19031 19116 19323 23058 25588 25915 26424 26503 26563 26590 26999 27112 27370 27415 27451 27576 27628 27632 28225 28420 28443 28614 28671 31359 31385 31395 32482https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/673/A100?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/673/A100/tablea1List of the brightest group galaxies for the 87 FGs (fossil groups) candidatesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqRunning numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspSpectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogMBGGlogarithm of brightest group galaxies (BGG) masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatgMAGAbsolute magnitude in the g bandmagphys.magAbsfloatrMAGAbsolute magnitude in the r bandmagphys.magAbsfloatrvirVirial radiusMpcphys.size.radiusfloatlogMhalologarithm of the group halo masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatJ/A+A/673/A100/tablea2List of the brightest group galaxies for the 100 non-FGs (non fossil groups) used as a comparison samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqRunning numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspSpectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogMBGGlogarithm of brightest group galaxies (BGG) masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatgMAGAbsolute magnitude in the g bandmagphys.magAbsfloatrMAGAbsolute magnitude in the r bandmagphys.magAbsfloatrvirVirial radiusMpcphys.size.radiusfloatlogMhalologarithm of the group halo masslog(solMass)phys.massfloat