J/A+A/671/A47ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/671/A47doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-mz/lehCDSAstiasarain X.Tibaldo L.Martin P.Knoedlseder J.Remy Q.2026-07-01T14:00:34Z2023-03-08T08:28:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersgamma-ray-astronomyStar-forming regions may play an important role in the life cycle of Galactic cosmic rays, notably as home to specific acceleration mechanisms and transport conditions. Gamma-ray observations of Cygnus~X have revealed the presence of an excess of hard-spectrum gamma-ray emission, possibly related to a cocoon of freshly-accelerated particles. We seek an improved description of the gamma-ray emission from the cocoon using ~13 years of observations with the Fermi-LAT and use it to further constrain the processes and objects responsible for the young cosmic-ray population. We develop an emission model for a large region of interest, including a description of interstellar emission from the background population of cosmic rays and recent models for other gamma-ray sources in the field. Thus, we perform an improved spectro-morphological characterisation of the residual emission including the cocoon.2023A&A...671A..47Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/671/A47CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A47https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A47GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A47/list (List of fits maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A47/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A47/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A47/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true307.17425541.1637230.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/671/A476/14670 14692 14694https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/671/A47?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/A+A/671/A47/pg78p74Profiles of FCES G78.74+1.56recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOffsetOffset from G78.74+1.56degpos.angDistancefloate_Offsetrms uncertainty on Offsetdegstat.errorfloatAzimuthAzimuthdegpos.az.azichare_Azimuthrms uncertainty on Azimuthdegstat.error;pos.az.azicharTotColTotal surface column densitysr.cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoubleSASolid anglesrphys.angSizedoubleEm1Emissivity at 500-2236MeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em1Statistical error on Em1s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoublee_Em1Error on Em1 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleE_Em1Error on Em1 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleEm2Emissivity at 2236MeV-10GeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em2Statistical error on Em2236-10Gs**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoublee_Em2Error on Em2 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleE_Em2Error on Em2 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleEm3Emissivity at 10GeV-1TeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em3Statistical error on Em3s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoublee_Em3Error on Em3 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleE_Em3Error on Em3 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleInt1Intensity at 500-2236MeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int1Statistical error on Int1cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int1Error on Int1 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int1Error on Int1 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleInt2Intensity at 2236MeV-10GeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int2Statistical error on Int2cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int2Error on Int2 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int2Error on Int2 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleInt3Intensity at 10GeV-1TeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int3Statistical error on Int3cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int3Error on Int3 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int3Error on Int3 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/671/A47/pg80p00Profiles of FCES G80.00+0.50recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTotColTotal surface column densitysr.cm**-2phys.columnDensitydoubleSASolid anglesrphys.angSizedoubleEm1Emissivity at 500-2236MeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em1Statistical error on Em1s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Em1Error on Em1 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Em1Error on Em1 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleEm2Emissivity at 2236MeV-10GeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em2Statistical error on Em2s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Em2Error on Em2 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Em2Error on Em2 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleEm3Emissivity at 10GeV-1TeVs**-1.sr**-1phys.emissivitydoubles_Em3Statistical error on Em3s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Em3Error on Em3 (upper value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Em3Error on Em3 (lower value)s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleInt1Intensity at 500-2236MeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int1Statistical error on Int1cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int1Error on Int1 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int1Error on Int1 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleInt2Intensity at 2236MeV-10GeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int2Statistical error on Int2cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int2Error on Int2 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int2Error on Int2 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleInt3Intensity at 10GeV-1TeVcm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1spect.line.intensitydoubles_Int3Statistical error on Int3cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.valuedoubleE_Int3Error on Int3 (upper value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_Int3Error on Int3 (lower value)cm**-2.s**-1.sr**-1stat.errordoubleNameName (FCES G80.00+0.50)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/671/A47/g78p74SED of FCES G78.74+1.56recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEEnergyMeVem.energydoublee_EError on energy (lower value)MeVstat.errordoubleE_EError on energy (upper value)MeVstat.error;stat.maxdoubleFluxFluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubles_Fluxrms uncertainty on fluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublel_Flux[1]? Limit flag on flux, 1 for Truemeta.code.error;phot.fluxintnullablee_FluxError on Flux (lower value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleE_FluxError on Flux (upper value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/671/A47/g78p83SED of FCES G78.83+3.57recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEEnergyMeVem.energydoublee_EError on energy (lower value)MeVstat.errordoubleE_EError on energy (upper value)MeVstat.error;stat.maxdoubleFluxFluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubles_Fluxrms uncertainty on fluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublel_Flux[1]? Limit flag on flux, 1 for Truemeta.code.error;phot.fluxintnullablee_FluxError on Flux (lower value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleE_FluxError on Flux (upper value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/671/A47/g80p00SED of FCES G80.00+0.50recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEEnergyMeVem.energydoublee_EError on energy (lower value)MeVstat.errordoubleE_EError on energy (upper value)MeVstat.error;stat.maxdoubleFluxFluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubles_Fluxrms uncertainty on fluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublel_Flux[1]? Limit flag on flux, 1 for Truemeta.code.error;phot.fluxintnullablee_FluxError on Flux (lower value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleE_FluxError on Flux (upper value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/671/A47/g85p00SED of FCES G85.00-1.78recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEEnergyMeVem.energydoublee_EError on energy (lower value)MeVstat.errordoubleE_EError on energy (upper value)MeVstat.error;stat.maxdoubleFluxFluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoubles_Fluxrms uncertainty on fluxcm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublel_Flux[1]? Limit flag on flux, 1 for Truemeta.code.error;phot.fluxintnullablee_FluxError on Flux (lower value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleE_FluxError on Flux (upper value)cm**-2.MeV**-1.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoubleJ/A+A/671/A47/listList of fits maps_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGLONGalactic longitude of centerdegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude of centerdegpos.galactic.latNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitscharAssocDataAssociated Data web pagemeta.ref.urlchar