J/A+A/671/A16ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/671/A16doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36710016CDSLehtinen K.Prusti T.de Bruijne J.Lammers U.Manara C.F.Ness J.-U.,Siddiqui H.Poutanen M.Muinonen K.Morrison O.2024-11-28T20:02:36Z2023-02-28T16:56:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysastrometryphotometryvisible-astronomyThe Carte du Ciel (CduC) archive at the University of Helsinki enables us to see the sky as it was about 120 years ago. The archive consists of single exposure and triple exposure plates between epochs 1896.8- -1925.8. Our main aim is to find binary and multiple stars by combining Carte du Ciel and Gaia data. The plates have been digitized with a commercial digital camera. We use Gaia data to calculate predicted coordinates of stars at the epoch of each plate. These stars are used as reference stars to fit astrometry for each plate, giving fitted coordinates for stars on the Carte du Ciel plates. If the predicted and fitted coordinates differ at a significant level, we classify the star as a non-single star, for which the proper motion values given in the Gaia catalogue can be unreliable. We find that several astrometric quality indicators of Gaia indicate that the uncertainties of Gaia's single-star model fit are in general larger for our non-single star candidates. The percentage of our non-single star candidates which are in the catalogs of known binary stars is relatively low, about 10% at maximum. The combination of the Carte du Ciel and Gaia data can be used to identify candidates of non-single stars. We propose that the sources with a significant difference between the predicted and fitted coordinates are long-period binaries, although astrophysical and/or instrumental effects as origin for the coordinate difference cannot be excluded for individual cases.2023A&A...671A..16Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/671/A16CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A16https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A16https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A16http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A16GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table2 (Gaia EDR3 sources, automatic method, distance >0.4")https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true137.338074385145744.69423733964270.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table3 (Gaia EDR3 sources, automatic method, distance between 0.25"-0.4")https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true136.714705521807444.04369756055050.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table4 (Gaia DR2 sources, automatic method, distance >0.4")https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.633706693873642.91954598075260.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table5 (Gaia DR2 sources, automatic method, distance between 0.25"-0.4")https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.092247753104843.49969404711990.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table6 (Gaia DR2 sources, manual method, distance >5 RMS_astr (RMS_astr is the RMS value of an astrometric fit made to a plate))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true225.025351742483939.99265714038620.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table7 (Gaia DR2 sources, manual method, distance between [2.5-3.5]RMS_astr)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.633706693873642.91954598075260.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table8 (Single-exposure plates matched with DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0013670592542.896115751090.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table9 (Single-exposure plates matched with EDR3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0002325748246.804016276390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table10 (triple-exposure plates matched with DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table10?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table10?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table10?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0028401304340.677355447510.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A16/table11 (triple-exposure plates matched with EDR3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table11?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table11?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A16/table11?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.0028425928640.677362819410.0055555555555555564/361-362 425 922 5/341-343 345-350 357-359 361-366 368-370 405-407 409-414 421-423 425-430 432-434 448-450 597 601-603 605-606 613-615 617-622 624 626 661-663 665 667-670 677-679 681 683-686 689-690 696 704-706 768-770 1279 1359 1365 1367 1371 1374 1383-1385 1390 1423 1431 1435 1453 1457 1621-1622 1624-1626 1637-1640 1642-1644 1649 1683 1685-1687 1689 1693-1694 1699 1705-1710 1712 1714 1728 1730 2367 2389-2391 2393-2396 2398 2403-2404 2407 2409-2412 2416-2417 2454 2457 2460-2462 2470 2475 2477 2482 2496 2498 2645 2729 2731 2733 2752 2816 3413-3415 3417-3422 3429-3431 3433-3438 3440-3442 3477-3479 3482-3486 3493-3495 3497-3502 3504 3506 3520-3522 3669-3671 3673-3678 3685-3687 3692-3694 3696-3698 3727 3733-3735 3737-3742 3749-3751 3754-3758 3760-3762 3776-3778 3841 6/1022-1023 1277-1279 1341-1343 1351 1357-1359 1361-1363 1377-1379 1404 1421-1423 1425-1427 1441-1443 1468 1470 1484 1488 1504 1506 1597-1599 1613 1615 1617-1619 1634-1635 1660-1662 1679 1681-1683 1697-1699 1724-1726 1740-1742 1744-1745 1760 1762 1804 1808-1810 1824 2301-2303 2365-2367 2382-2383 2385 2387 2397 2399 2402-2403 2418 2428-2430 2445-2447 2449-2451 2466-2467 2492-2494 2501-2503 2508-2510 2512-2514 2528-2530 2623 2637-2639 2641 2643 2657-2659 2664-2665 2667 2684-2686 2703 2707 2723 2729-2731 2748-2750 2753-2755 2764-2765 2768-2770 2828-2829 2832-2834 2848-2850 3084-3086 3088-3090 3104-3106 5111 5372-5374 5453-5455 5457-5459 5466-5467 5474-5476 5479-5480 5482-5483 5488 5492-5493 5495 5516-5518 5520-5521 5523-5526 5528 5544 5547-5548 5550-5552 5554-5555 5568-5569 5571-5574 5576-5578 5687 5709-5711 5713 5715 5717-5718 5721-5723 5729-5733 5735 5737-5739 5744-5746 5748 5752-5754 5774 5809-5811 5816-5818 5820 5824 5826-5827 5832-5834 5836 5840 5889-5893 5896 5898 5904 6395 6397-6399 6459 6461-6463 6471 6476 6479 6481-6483 6492 6494-6495 6508-6509 6511 6513-6518 6520-6522 6535 6539 6541-6543 6545-6546 6564 6566-6567 6580-6582 6584-6586 6588 6592-6593 6595 6600-6602 6608 6718 6727 6731 6737-6739 6753 6755 6765-6767 6769-6771 6780 6791 6817-6819 6844 6852 6860 6862 6880 6916-6918 6924 6944 7168 7170 7172-7174 7176 7178-7180 9207 9212 9214-9215 9533 9535 9550-9551 9553-9555 9569 9571 9588-9590 9596 9620-9622 9625-9627 9634-9635 9653-9658 9660 9672-9673 9675 9680-9681 9783 9789-9791 9805-9806 9809-9810 9812-9814 9820 9822-9823 9825-9827 9833 9836 9838-9839 9852 9868-9870 9874 9876 9878-9879 9885 9887 9889-9894 9897-9899 9904-9906 9912-9914 9920-9921 9925-9926 9932 9936 9988-9989 9991 9996-9997 10016 10491 10493 10558-10559 10572 10577-10579 10586-10590 10592 10594-10598 10600 10602-10603 10605-10607 10609 10611-10614 10616-10617 10619-10620 10631 10637 10641 10644 10647 10650 10652-10654 10656 10658 10660-10662 10664-10665 10669-10670 10672 10674-10678 10680 10682 10688-10689 10693-10698 10700 10704 10811 10814-10815 10823 10829-10830 10832-10833 10836-10838 10840-10842 10845 10847 10887 10896 10899-10900 10902 10904 10907 10909-10912 10914-10915 10920 10922-10923 10929 10936-10937 10940 10945-10946 10949-10950 10952-10954 10956 11013 11018 11268-11270 11273-11274 11276 11280 11296 13309 13311 13566-13567 13629-13631 13645-13647 13651 13666-13667 13692-13694 13709-13711 13714-13715 13729-13731 13756-13758 13772-13774 13776-13778 13792-13794 13885-13887 13901 13903 13906-13907 13921-13926 13948 13950 13965-13967 13969-13971 13985-13987 14012-14014 14020 14022-14023 14028-14030 14032-14033 14048-14050 14092-14094 14096 14098 14112-14114 14589-14591 14653-14655 14669-14671 14674-14675 14689-14691 14716-14718 14733-14735 14737-14739 14780-14782 14796-14798 14800-14802 14816 14818 14925-14927 14929-14931 14945-14947 14972-14973 14989 14991 14993-14995 15009-15011 15013-15015 15036 15052 15056-15057 15072 15116 15118 15120-15122 15136-15138 15360-15361 15363 15368-15369 15371-15374 15376-15378 20479 24573 24575 28669-28670 32765-327671.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/671/A16?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/671/A16/table2Gaia EDR3 sources, automatic method, distance >0.4"GaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintdRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (Gaia EDR3) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (Gaia EDR3) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia EDR3) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia EDR3) (ruwe)stat.errordoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia EDR3) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia EDR3) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia EDR3) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia EDR3) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia EDR3) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublesepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleIPDgofhaAmplitude of the IPD GoF versus position angle of scan (Gaia EDR3) (ipd_gof_harmonic_amplitude)stat.fit.paramdoubleIPDfmpPercent of successful-IPD windows with more than one peak (Gaia EDR3) (ipd_frac_multi_peak)%stat.fit.paramint2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table3Gaia EDR3 sources, automatic method, distance between 0.25"-0.4"DE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (Gaia EDR3) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia EDR3) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia EDR3) (ruwe)stat.errordoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia EDR3) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia EDR3) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia EDR3) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia EDR3) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia EDR3) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoublesepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia EDR3) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleIPDgofhaAmplitude of the IPD GoF versus position angle of scan (Gaia EDR3) (ipd_gof_harmonic_amplitude)stat.fit.paramdoubleIPDfmpPercent of successful-IPD windows with more than one peak (Gaia EDR3) (ipd_frac_multi_peak)%stat.fit.paramint2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia EDR3 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.maindRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 (Gaia EDR3) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainJ/A+A/671/A16/table4Gaia DR2 sources, automatic method, distance >0.4"recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.maindRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia DR2) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia DR2) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia DR2) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia DR2) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoublesepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia DR2) (ruwe)stat.errordouble2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table5Gaia DR2 sources, automatic method, distance between 0.25"-0.4"GaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintdRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia DR2) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia DR2) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia DR2) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia DR2) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoublesepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia DR2) (ruwe)stat.errordouble2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table6Gaia DR2 sources, manual method, distance >5 RMS_astr (RMS_astr is the RMS value of an astrometric fit made to a plate)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.maindRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia DR2) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia DR2) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia DR2) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia DR2) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoublesepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia DR2) (ruwe)stat.errordouble2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table7Gaia DR2 sources, manual method, distance between [2.5-3.5]RMS_astrRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainsepsiSignificance of excess noise (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise_sig)stat.fit.paramdoubleamaxThe longest semi-major axis of the 5-d error ellipsoid (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_sigma5d_max)masphys.angSize.smajAxisdoubleruweRenormalised Unit Weight Error (Gaia DR2) (ruwe)stat.errordouble2ndNearsource_id of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (source_id2ndNear)meta.idDist2ndNearDistance of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (dist2ndNear)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatBmag2ndNearIntegrated BP mean magnitude of the second closest Gaia DR2 source (Bmag2ndNear)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source_id (source_id)meta.id;meta.maindRACoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along RA at plate epoch (dRA)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatdDECoordinate difference CduC-Gaia along DE at plate epoch (dDE)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (Gaia DR2) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmagIntegrated BP mean magnitude (Gaia DR2) (Bmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_RA_ICRSRA error (Gaia DR2) (e_RA)masstat.error;pos.eq.radoublee_DE_ICRSDE error (Gaia DR2) (e_DE)masstat.error;pos.eq.decdoublee_plxParallax error (Gaia DR2) (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoublee_pmRARA proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmRA)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmDEDE proper motion error (Gaia DR2) (e_pmDE)mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleepsiExcess noise of the source (Gaia DR2) (astrometric_excess_noise)masstat.fit.paramdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table8Single-exposure plates matched with DR2recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia source_id (DR2 for table8, EDR3 for table9) (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainxposCduCx-axis pixel position of the CduC source (xpos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleyposCduCy-axis pixel position of the CduC source (ypos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoubleRAdegCduCRA coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (RAdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.raDEdegCduCDec coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (DEdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.dece_RAdegCduCuncertainty of RAdeg_CduC (e_RA_CduC)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegCduCuncertainty of DEdeg_CduC (e_DE_CduC)degstat.errordoubleFWHMCduCFull Width at Half Maximum size of the CduC source (FWHM_CduC)degphys.angSize;srcdoubleellipCduCellipticity of the CduC source (ellip_CduC)src.ellipticityfloatdRARA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dRA_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDEDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dDE_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubleDisttotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia (distance)arcsecpos.angDistancedoubledRARMSRA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dRA_RMS)pos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDERMSDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dDE_RMS)pos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubledRMStotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (d_RMS)pos.angDistancedoubleoRARA offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oRA)degpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDec. offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oDE)degpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatCduC-plateCdUC plate number (CduC_plate)meta.idintplate-image[1/4] Number of the digital image of the plate (plate_image)meta.idintplate-sub[1/2] Number of the sub-image used for astrometric fit (plate_sub)meta.numberintEpochEpoch of the plate (epoch)yrtime.epochfloatindexedSCAMP-RARMSastrometric RMS along RA as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_RA_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatSCAMP-DERMSastrometric RMS along Dec. as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_DE_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatSCAMP-RMSsqrt(SCAMP_RA_RMS^2 + SCAMP_DE_RMS^2) (SCAMP_RMS)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatSCAMP-chi2chi-squared value of the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_chi2)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatSCAMP-nstarnumber of stars used in the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_nstar)meta.numberintFluxCduCinstrumental flux of the CduC source (flux_CduC)ctphot.flux.density;em.optdoublee_FluxCduCuncertainty of flux_CduC (e_flux_CduC)ctstat.errordoubleNdigit[1/7] number of times a CduC source has been digitised (N_digitised)meta.numberintstdRAstandard deviation of RA when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_RA)arcsecstat.errordoublestdDEstandard deviation of Dec. when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_DE)arcsecstat.errordoubleRAdegGaiaRA of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (RAdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEdegGaiaDec. of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (DEdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_RAdegGaiaerror of RAdeg_Gaia (e_RAdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegGaiaerror of DEdeg_Gaia (e_DEdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoubleBPmagBP magnitude of the Gaia source (BPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table9Single-exposure plates matched with EDR3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia source_id (DR2 for table8, EDR3 for table9) (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainxposCduCx-axis pixel position of the CduC source (xpos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleyposCduCy-axis pixel position of the CduC source (ypos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoubleRAdegCduCRA coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (RAdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.raDEdegCduCDec coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (DEdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.dece_RAdegCduCuncertainty of RAdeg_CduC (e_RA_CduC)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegCduCuncertainty of DEdeg_CduC (e_DE_CduC)degstat.errordoubleFWHMCduCFull Width at Half Maximum size of the CduC source (FWHM_CduC)degphys.angSize;srcdoubleellipCduCellipticity of the CduC source (ellip_CduC)src.ellipticityfloatdRARA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dRA_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDEDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dDE_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubleDisttotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia (distance)arcsecpos.angDistancedoubledRARMSRA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dRA_RMS)pos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDERMSDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dDE_RMS)pos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubledRMStotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (d_RMS)pos.angDistancedoubleoRARA offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oRA)degpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDec. offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oDE)degpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatCduC-plateCdUC plate number (CduC_plate)meta.idintplate-image[1/4] Number of the digital image of the plate (plate_image)meta.idintplate-sub[1/2] Number of the sub-image used for astrometric fit (plate_sub)meta.numberintEpochEpoch of the plate (epoch)yrtime.epochfloatindexedSCAMP-RARMSastrometric RMS along RA as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_RA_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatSCAMP-DERMSastrometric RMS along Dec. as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_DE_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatSCAMP-RMSsqrt(SCAMP_RA_RMS^2 + SCAMP_DE_RMS^2) (SCAMP_RMS)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatSCAMP-chi2chi-squared value of the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_chi2)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatSCAMP-nstarnumber of stars used in the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_nstar)meta.numberintFluxCduCinstrumental flux of the CduC source (flux_CduC)ctphot.flux.density;em.optdoublee_FluxCduCuncertainty of flux_CduC (e_flux_CduC)ctstat.errordoubleNdigit[1/7] number of times a CduC source has been digitised (N_digitised)meta.numberintstdRAstandard deviation of RA when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_RA)arcsecstat.errordoublestdDEstandard deviation of Dec. when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_DE)arcsecstat.errordoubleRAdegGaiaRA of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (RAdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEdegGaiaDec. of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (DEdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_RAdegGaiaerror of RAdeg_Gaia (e_RAdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegGaiaerror of DEdeg_Gaia (e_DEdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoubleBPmagBP magnitude of the Gaia source (BPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table10triple-exposure plates matched with DR2dRARMSRA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dRA_RMS)pos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDERMSDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dDE_RMS)pos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubledRMStotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (d_RMS)pos.angDistancedoubleoRARA offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oRA)degpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDec. offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oDE)degpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatCduC-plateCdUC plate number (CduC_plate)meta.idintplate-image[1/4] Number of the digital image of the plate (plate_image)meta.idintplate-sub[1/2] Number of the sub-image used for astrometric fit (plate_sub)meta.numberintEpochEpoch of the plate (epoch)yrtime.epochfloatindexedSCAMP-RARMSastrometric RMS along RA as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_RA_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatSCAMP-DERMSastrometric RMS along Dec. as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_DE_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatSCAMP-RMSsqrt(SCAMP_RA_RMS^2 + SCAMP_DE_RMS^2) (SCAMP_RMS)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatSCAMP-chi2chi-squared value of the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_chi2)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatSCAMP-nstarnumber of stars used in the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_nstar)meta.numberintmagInstrumental magnitude of the CduC source (mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_magrms uncertainty of mag (e_mag)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleNdigit[1/8] number of times a CduC source has been digitised (N_digitised)meta.numberinte_DEdegGaiaerror of DEdeg_Gaia (e_DEdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoubleBPmagBP magnitude of the Gaia source (BPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia source_id (DR2 for table10, EDR3 for table11) (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainxposCduCx-axis pixel position of the CduC source (xpos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleyposCduCy-axis pixel position of the CduC source (ypos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoubleRAdegCduCRA coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (RAdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.raDEdegCduCDec coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (DEdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.dece_RAdegCduCuncertainty of RAdeg_CduC (e_RA_CduC)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegCduCuncertainty of DEdeg_CduC (e_DE_CduC)degstat.errordoubledRARA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dRA_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDEDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dDE_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubleDisttotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia (distance)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublestdRAstandard deviation of RA when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_RA)arcsecstat.errordoublestdDEstandard deviation of Dec. when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_DE)arcsecstat.errordoubleRAdegGaiaRA of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (RAdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEdegGaiaDec. of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (DEdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_RAdegGaiaerror of RAdeg_Gaia (e_RAdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoubleJ/A+A/671/A16/table11triple-exposure plates matched with EDR3recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia source_id (DR2 for table10, EDR3 for table11) (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainxposCduCx-axis pixel position of the CduC source (xpos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detdoubleyposCduCy-axis pixel position of the CduC source (ypos_CduC)pixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detdoubleRAdegCduCRA coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (RAdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.raDEdegCduCDec coordinate of the CduC source at the plate epoch (DEdeg_CduC)degpos.eq.dece_RAdegCduCuncertainty of RAdeg_CduC (e_RA_CduC)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegCduCuncertainty of DEdeg_CduC (e_DE_CduC)degstat.errordoubledRARA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dRA_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDEDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia, at the epoch of the plate (dDE_CduC_Gaia)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubleDisttotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia (distance)arcsecpos.angDistancedoubledRARMSRA coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dRA_RMS)pos.eq.ra;arith.diffdoubledDERMSDec. coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (dDE_RMS)pos.eq.dec;arith.diffdoubledRMStotal coordinate difference between CduC and Gaia in units of astrometric RMS (d_RMS)pos.angDistancedoubleoRARA offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oRA)degpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatoDEDec. offset of the cduC source from the plate center (oDE)degpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatCduC-plateCdUC plate number (CduC_plate)meta.idintplate-image[1/4] Number of the digital image of the plate (plate_image)meta.idintEpochEpoch of the plate (epoch)yrtime.epochfloatindexedSCAMP-RARMSastrometric RMS along RA as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_RA_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatSCAMP-DERMSastrometric RMS along Dec. as derived by SCAMP (SCAMP_DE_RMS)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatSCAMP-RMSsqrt(SCAMP_RA_RMS^2 + SCAMP_DE_RMS^2) (SCAMP_RMS)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatSCAMP-chi2chi-squared value of the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_chi2)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatSCAMP-nstarnumber of stars used in the astrometric fit made by SCAMP (SCAMP_nstar)meta.numberintmagInstrumental magnitude of the CduC source (mag)magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_magrms uncertainty of mag (e_mag)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleNdigit[1/8] number of times a CduC source has been digitised (N_digitised)meta.numberintstdRAstandard deviation of RA when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_RA)arcsecstat.errordoublestdDEstandard deviation of Dec. when a CduC source has been digitised more than once (std_DE)arcsecstat.errordoubleRAdegGaiaRA of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (RAdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEdegGaiaDec. of a Gaia source (ICRS) at the plate epoch Epoch (DEdeg_Gaia)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_RAdegGaiaerror of RAdeg_Gaia (e_RAdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoublee_DEdegGaiaerror of DEdeg_Gaia (e_DEdeg_Gaia)degstat.errordoubleBPmagBP magnitude of the Gaia source (BPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoubleplate-sub[1/2] Number of the sub-image used for astrometric fit (plate_sub)meta.numberint