J/A+A/671/A112ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/671/A112doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36710112CDSCamisasca A.E.Guidorzi C.Amati L.Frontera F.Song X.Y.Xiao S.,Xiong S.L.Zhang S.N.Margutti R.Kobayashi S.Mundell C.G.Ge M.Y.,Gomboc A.Jia S.M.Jordana-Mitjans N.Li C.K.Li X.B.Maccary R.,Shrestha M.Xue W.C.Zhang S.2024-11-28T20:02:23Z2023-03-09T10:31:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygamma-ray-burstsredshiftedThere has been significant technological and scientific progress in our ability to detect, monitor and model the physics of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) over the 50 years since their first discovery. However, the dissipation process thought to be responsible for their defining prompt emission is still unknown. Recent efforts have focused on investigating how the ultrarelativistic jet of the GRB propagates through the progenitor's stellar envelope, for different initial composition shapes, jet structures, magnetisation, and - consequently - possible energy dissipation processes. Study of the temporal variability - in particular the shortest duration of an independent emission episode within a GRB - may provide a unique way to discriminate the imprint of the inner engine activity from geometry and propagation related effects. The advent of new high-energy detectors with exquisite time resolution now makes this possible. We aim to characterise the minimum variability timescale (MVT) defined as the shortest duration of individual pulses that shape a light curve for a sample of GRBs in the keV-MeV energy range and test correlations with other key observables, such as the peak luminosity, the Lorentz factor, and the jet opening angle. We compare these correlations with predictions from recent numerical simulations for a relativistic structured - possibly wobbling - jet and assess the value of temporal variability studies as probes of prompt-emission dissipation physics. We used the peak detection algorithm mepsa to identify the shortest pulse within a GRB time history and preliminarily calibrated mepsa to estimate the full width half maximum (FWHM) duration. We then applied this framework to two sets of GRBs: Swift GRBs (from 2005 to July 2022) and Insight Hard Modulation X-ray Telescope (Insight-HXMT) GRBs (from June 2017 to July 2021, including the exceptional 221009A). We then selected 401 GRBs with measured redshift to test for correlations. Results. We confirm that on average short GRBs have significantly shorter MVT than long GRBs. The MVT distribution of short GRBs with extended emission such as 060614 and 211211A is compatible only with that of short GRBs. This is important because it provides a new clue on the progenitor's nature. The MVT for long GRBs with measured redshift anti-correlates with peak luminosity; our analysis includes careful evaluation of selection effects. We confirm the anti-correlation with the Lorentz factor and find a correlation with the jet opening angle as estimated from the afterglow light curve, along with an inverse correlation with the number of pulses. The MVT can identify the emerging putative new class of long GRBs that are suggested to be produced by compact binary mergers. For otherwise typical long GRBs, the different correlations between MVT and peak luminosity, Lorentz factor, jet opening angle, and number of pulses can be explained within the context of structured, possibly wobbling, weakly magnetised relativistic jets.2023A&A...671A.112Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/671/A112CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/609/A112 : Bulk Lorentz factors of gamma-ray bursts (Ghirlanda+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/671/A112https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/671/A112GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A112/table1 (Swift-BAT sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true358.446833365.93338890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/671/A112/table2 (Insight-HXMT sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/671/A112/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true165.456.50.0055555555555555566/126 140 156 186 205 207 210-211 228 236 272 314 338 423 453 462 500 503 524 550 576 590 646 699 744-745 825 866 877 888 918 923 944 985 1001 1040 1087 1102 1133 1266 1335 1507 1517 1526 1582-1583 1717 1734 1766 1793 1882 1987 1995 2044 2118 2151 2238 2258 2275 2296 2311 2315 2336 2357 2361 2385 2456 2473 2574 2603 2647 2682 2792-2793 2809 2925 2929 2948-2949 3038 3056 3071 3089 3098 3111 3227 3267 3306 3388 3399 3405 3447 3462 3473 3482 3506 3536 3551 3586 3589 3597 3611 3642 3659 3675 3700 3706 3708 3746 3779 3816 3832 3894 3927 3935 3965 4134 4271 4296 4312 4323-4324 4378 4395 4397 4449-4450 4485 4595 4788 4800 4809 4829 4868 4955 4977 4980 5051 5073 5080 5135 5155 5162 5167 5184 5234 5253 5376 5431 5455 5481 5525 5602 5606 5618 5625 5633 5657 5726 5745 5752 5790-5791 5840 5849 5878-5879 5940-5941 5951 5998 6004 6012 6088 6102 6261 6278 6400 6404 6445 6521 6523 6593 6624 6752 6758 6862 6904 6961 7034 7043 7054 7079 7084 7119 7156 7164 7182 7227 7254 7265 7276 7300 7322 7354 7356 7363 7401 7518 7532 7558 7589 7598 7606 7614 7620 7665 7685 7747 7750 7805 7820 7859 7908-7910 7942 7950 7969 7980 7998 8021 8074 8087 8182 8189 8285 8308 8318 8345 8373 8375 8391 8459 8569 8641 8669 8693 8718 8745 8761 8798 8861 8903 8954-8955 9016 9022 9024 9069 9100 9143 9145 9152 9173 9190 9236 9289 9321 9325 9330 9341 9370 9395 9511-9512 9576 9589 9591 9627 9643 9645 9682 9714 9750 9827 9860 9897 9912 9926 9931 9989 10094 10135 10155 10178 10243 10309 10335 10363 10400-10401 10405 10407 10424 10445 10447 10483 10519 10532-10533 10580 10602 10638 10666 10680 10704 10723 10725 10742 10762 10790 10817 10847 10852 10912 10914 10935 10941 10948 11026 11047 11058 11068 11140 11151 11177 11193 11218 11220 11248 11300 11307 11372 11456 11499 11640 11649 11657 11660 11673 11695 11708 11713 11748-11749 11756 11821-11822 11904-11905 11943 11947 12006 12020 12029 12071 12100 12133-12134 12144 12155 12199 12226 12265 12287 12585 12597 12631 12785 12971 12991 13084 13088 13182 13218 13252 13293 13312 13331 13350 13355 13363 13450 13475-13476 13479 13542 13558 13651 13694 13701 13707 13762 13767 13787 13854 13889 13898 13924 14020 14059 14144 14190 14240 14248 14259 14275 14325 14335 14372 14517 14555 14567 14606 14616 14754 14778 14781-14782 14834 14843 14846 14852 14859 14910 14913 14967 14975 14977 15004 15074 15103 15144 15197 15214 15246 15279 15320 15325-15326 15340 15348 15383 15406 15422 15473 15485 15498 15502 15505 15513 15530 15595 15613 15626 15653 15677 15683 15702 15790 15820 15860 15877 15915 15972 15995 16046 16057 16064 16072 16078 16097 16137 16186 16232 16254 16282 16292 16361 16367 16391-16392 16400 16415 16432 16489 16493 16546 16661 16760 16769 16778 16845 16893 16991 17030 17071 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42914 42930 42952 42965 42971 43031-43032 43045 43050 43105 43170 43201 43229 43270 43276 43280 43289 43316 43369 43386 43409 43479 43558 43705 43771 43920 43947 44021-44022 44073 44093 44125 44160 44165 44179 44189 44212 44221 44223 44229 44246 44264 44322 44419 44436 44457 44481 44493 44543 44630 44715 44718 44720 44739 44773 44793 44795 44797 44822 44857 44911 45008 45010 45088 45137 45176 45180 45205 45233 45287 45361 45399 45402 45409 45431 45468 45483 45503 45510 45548 45561 45649 45665 45677 45725 45729 45762 45777 45827-45828 45835-45836 45852 45895 45938 46002 46016 46022 46150 46209 46212 46218 46250 46365 46375 46395 46445 46510 46529 46594 46679 46757 46789 46839 46899 46910 46950 46953 46989 47031 47117 47121 47136 47148 47162 47188 47244-47245 47253 47257 47271 47362 47411 47436 47459 47517 47544 47588 47620 47632 47740 47793 47882 47911 47927 47945 47966 47991 48011 48054 48151 48189 48219 48269 48319 48336 48371 48387 48422 48447 48458 48481 48498 48571 48594-48595 48597 48637 48646 48872 48968 49004 49034https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/671/A112?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/A+A/671/A112/table1Swift-BAT sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintT5Lorentz factor in table5meta.ref.urlcharGRBGRB Namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryFWHMminMinimum FWHMsphys.angSizefloate_FWHMminNegative error on FWHMsstat.errorfloatE_FWHMminPositive error on FWHMsstat.error;stat.maxfloatT90Burst duration between 5% and 95% of maximum fluencesphot.fluence;stat.maxdoublee_T90? Error on T90sstat.errorfloatnullablez? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableNpeaksNumber of peaks in GRB light curvemeta.numberintTypeGRB Type (1)src.classchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/A+A/671/A112/table2Insight-HXMT sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB Namemeta.id;meta.maincharFWHMminMinimum FWHMsphys.angSizefloate_FWHMminNegative error on FWHMsstat.errorfloatE_FWHMminPositive error on FWHMsstat.error;stat.maxfloate_T90? Error on T90sstat.errorfloatnullableT90Burst duration between 5% and 95% of maximum fluencesphot.fluence;stat.maxdoublez? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableNpeaksNumber of peaks in GRB light curvemeta.numberintTypeGRB Type (1)src.classchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/A+A/671/A112/table5Swift-BAT with known redshiftrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGRBGRB Namemeta.id;meta.maincharLpeakPeak luminosity (in erg/s)1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublee_LpeakError on peak luminosity (in erg/s)1e-07Wstat.errordoubleGamma0? Lorentz factorstat.fit.paramintnullablee_Gamma0? Negative error on Lorentz factorstat.errorintnullableE_Gamma0? Positive error on Lorentz factorstat.error;stat.maxintnullabler_Gamma0Reference for the Lorentz factor (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharGamma0G? Lorentz factor calculated using Ghirlanda's (2018A&A...609A.112G) data and prescriptionsstat.fit.paramintnullablee_Gamma0G? Error on Lorentz factor calculated using Ghirlanda's data eGamma_0^(G)stat.errorintnullablethetajISN? Jet opening angle as reported by Zhao et al. (2020ApJ...900..112Z) in case of ISM environmentradpos.posAngfloatnullablee_thetajISN? Error on jet opening angle as reported by Zhao et al. (2020ApJ...900..112Z) in case of ISM environmentradstat.errorfloatnullablethetajWind? Jet opening angle as reported by Zhao et al. (2020ApJ...900..112Z) in case of Wind environment.radpos.posAngfloatnullablee_thetajWind? Error on jet opening angle as reported by Zhao et al. (2020ApJ...900..112Z) in case of Wind environmentradstat.errorfloatnullable