J/A+A/670/A84ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/670/A84doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36700084CDSKossakowski D.Kuerster M.Trifonov T.Henning T.Kemmer J.,Caballero J.A.Burn R.Sabotta S.Crouse J.S.Fauchez T.J.Nagel E.,Kaminski A.Herrero E.Rodriguez E.Gonzalez-Alvarez E.Quirrenbach A.,Amado P.J.Ribas I.Reiners A.Aceituno J.Bejar V.J.S.Baroch D.,Bastelberger S.T.Chaturvedi P.Cifuentes C.Dreizler S.Jeffers S.V.,Kopparapu R.Lafarga M.Lopez-Gonzalez M.J.Martin-Ruiz S.Montes D.,Morales J.C.Palle E.Pavlov A.Pedraz S.Perdelwitz V.,Perez-Torres M.Perger M.Reffert S.Rodriguez Lopez C.Schlecker M.,Schoefer P.Schweitzer A.Shan Y.Shields A.Stock S.Wolf E.,Zapatero Osorio M.R.Zechmeister M.2024-11-06T20:02:46Z2023-02-10T08:07:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsspectroscopyradial-velocityvisible-astronomym-starsWe present the discovery of an Earth-mass planet (M_b_sini=1.36+/-0.21M_{Earth}_) on a 15.6d orbit of a relatively nearby (d~9.6pc) and low-mass (0.167+/-0.011M_{sun}_) M5.0V star, Wolf 1069. Sitting at a separation of 0.0672+/-0.0014au away from the host star puts Wolf 1069b in the habitable zone (HZ), receiving an incident flux of S=0.652+/-0.029S_{Earth}_. The planetary signal was detected using telluric-corrected radial-velocity (RV) data from the CARMENES spectrograph, amounting to a total of 262 spectroscopic observations covering almost four years. There are additional long-period signals in the RVs, one of which we attribute to the stellar rotation period. This is possible thanks to our photometric analysis including new, well-sampled monitoring campaigns undergone with the OSN and TJO facilities that supplement archival photometry (i.e., from MEarth and SuperWASP), and this yielded an updated rotational period range of P_rot_=150-170d, with a likely value at 169.3^+3.7^_-3.6_d. The stellar activity indicators provided by the CARMENES spectra likewise demonstrate evidence for the slow rotation period, though not as accurately due to possible factors such as signal aliasing or spot evolution. Our detectability limits indicate that additional planets more massive than one Earth mass with orbital periods of less than 10 days can be ruled out, suggesting that perhaps Wolf 1069b had a violent formation history. This planet is also the 6th closest Earth-mass planet situated in the conservative HZ, after Proxima Centauri b, GJ 1061d, Teegarden's Star c, and GJ 1002 b and c. Despite not transiting, Wolf 1069b is nonetheless a very promising target for future three-dimensional climate models to investigate various habitability cases as well as for sub-m/s RV campaigns to search for potential inner sub-Earth-mass planets in order to test planet formation theories.2023A&A...670A..84Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A84CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A84https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A84GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/670/A84/carm-actCARMENES-VIS stellar activity indicators of Wolf 1069e_CAIRT2CaII-IRT2 index uncertaintystat.errordoubleCAIRT3CaII-IRT3 index (8662.14) (-15,15)km/sspect.indexdoublee_CAIRT3CaII-IRT3 index uncertaintystat.errordoubleHalphaH{alpha} indexspect.indexdoublee_HalphaH{alpha} index uncertaintystat.error;spect.linedoubleTiO7050Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 7050{AA}spect.indexdoublee_TiO7050Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 7050{AA} uncertaintystat.errordoubleTiO8430Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 8430{AA} indexspect.indexdoublee_TiO8430Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 8430{AA} index uncertaintystat.errordoubleTiO8860Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 8860{AA} indexspect.indexdoublee_TiO8860Photospheric TiO absorption band index at 8860{AA} index uncertaintystat.errordoubleBISCCF bisector velocity spanm/sphys.velocdoublee_BISCCF Bisector velocity span uncertaintym/sstat.errordoubleCTRCCF contrast%phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_CTRCCF contrast uncertainty%stat.errordoubleFWHMCCF full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthdoublee_FWHMCCF full width at half maximum uncertaintykm/sstat.error;phys.angSizedoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleCRXChromatic index (in m/s/Np unit)spect.indexdoublee_CRXChromatic index uncertainty (in m/s/Np unit)stat.errordoubledLWDifferential line width1000m**2.s**-2spect.line.width;arith.diffdoublee_dLWDifferential line width uncertainty1000m**2.s**-2stat.errordoubleCAIRT1CaII-IRT1 index (8498.02) (-15,15)km/sspect.indexdoublee_CAIRT1CaII-IRT1 index uncertaintystat.errordoubleCAIRT2CaII-IRT2 index (8542.09) (-15,15)km/sspect.indexdoubleJ/A+A/670/A84/carm-rvCARMENES-VIS radial velocities of Wolf 1069 (Table D2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVRadial velocity uncertaintym/sstat.errordoubleInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharJ/A+A/670/A84/photlistList of light curve filesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharDate1Beginning date of observationtime.start;obscharDate2Ending date of observationtime.end;obscharFilterFiltermeta.id;instr.filtercharFileNameName of the file with photometry in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filechar