J/A+A/670/A75ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/670/A75doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36700075CDSCzavalinga D.R.Mitnyan T.Rappaport S.A.Borkovits T.Gagliano R.,Omohundro M.Kristiansen M.H.K.Pal A.2026-07-01T14:00:32Z2023-02-09T08:33:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starsorbitsvisible-astronomyWe introduce a novel way to identify new compact hierarchical triple stars by exploiting the huge potential of Gaia DR3 and also its future data releases. We aim to increase the current number of compact hierarchical triples significantly. We utilize several eclipsing binary catalogs from different sky surveys totaling more than 1 million targets for which we search for Gaia DR3 Non-single Star (NSS) orbital solutions with periods substantially longer than the eclipsing periods of the binaries. Those solutions in most cases should belong to outer orbits of tertiary stars in those systems. We also try to validate some of our best-suited candidates using TESS eclipse timing variations. We find 403 objects with suitable Gaia orbital solutions of which 28 are already known triple systems. This makes 375 newly identified hierarchical triple system candidates in our sample. We analyze the cumulative probability distribution of the outer orbit eccentricities and find that it is very similar to the ones found by earlier studies based on the observations of the Kepler and OGLE missions. We found measurable non-linear eclipse timing variations or third-body eclipses in the TESS data for 189 objects which we also consider to be confirmed candidates. Out of these, we construct analytical light-travel time effect models for the eclipse timing variations of 22 objects with well-sampled TESS observations. We compare the outer orbital parameters from our solutions with the ones from the Gaia solutions and find that the most reliable orbital parameter is the orbital period, while the values of the other parameters should be used with caution.2023A&A...670A..75Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A75CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/357 : Gaia DR3 Part 3. Non-single stars (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A75https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A75GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A75/table1 (Orbital parameters of triple system candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A75/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A75/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A75/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true147.8626169453.908083890.0055555555555555566/280 285 344 354 1121 1214 1315 1443 1477 1620 1629 1711 1752 1776 1791 1796 1824 2016 2030 2207 2277 2546 2549 2588 2612 2638 2679 2726 2739 2770 2778 2789 2836 2850 2858 2874 2882 2940 2950 2981-2982 3004 3029-3030 3043 3056 3062 3226 3254 3290 3340 3543 3647 3696 3766 3772 3787 3794 3796 3824 3832 3901 3960 3975 4855 5744 5985 6047 6072 6171 6565 6888 6952 7026 7252 7328 7577 7875 7960 8067 8085 9107 9415 9585 9591 9608 9764 9948 10150 10185 10220 10272 10363 10434 10570 10760 10847 10864 11000 11194 11492 11500 11518 11736 11838 12102 12520 12904 12907 12954 12968 13010 13012 13043 13053 13098 13140 13163 13170 13180 13182 13224 13229 13254 13288 13292 13517 13522 13546 13737 13772 13787 13830 13906 13928 13963 14015 14072 14079 14112 14117 14133 14154 14187 14191 14202 14212 14227 14229 14232 14238 14249 14275-14277 14286 14295 14310 14321 14364 14389 14391 14411 14439 14442 14457-14458 14506 14541 14577 14600 14602 14623 14649 14651 14721 14730 14751 14762 14770 14781 14794 14804 14825 14931 15112 15126 15131 15153 15246 15312 15428 15430 15473 15485 15496 15571 15578-15579 15600 15622 15628 15688 15705 15783 15796 15805 15828 15881 15897 15945 16031 16053 16147 16220 16243 16259 16370 18026 18403 19312 19374 19519 19905 20050 20253 20623 20729 20805 20870 21518 21555 21718 21910 22030 22683 22719 22785 22876 22952 23228 23347 23450 23463 23510 23582 23675 23844 23936 24110 24463 24500 24923 25223 25435 27091 28853 28890 29206 29249 29272 29533 29987 30092 30185 30329 30466 30479 30524 30531 30616 30714 31530 31560 31777 31801 31804 31817 31861 31997 32071 32082 32147 32152 32157 32185 32204 32234 32286 32329 32337 32372 32412 32468 32495 32560 32616 32620 32626 32696 32716 32830 32842 32914 33112 33378 33386 33450 33621 33868 34159 34629 34780 34811 35114 35957 36484 36612 36759 36938 36954 37020 37025 37207 37329 37461 37602 38024 38099 38190 38322 38376 38436 38590 38635 38786 38909 39188 39320 39432 39449 39553 39672 39793 39806 39881 39909 39981 40089 40154 40194 40270 40564 40619 40641 40711 40778 41038 41171 41178 41246 41290 41382 41440 41600 41617 41835 41884 41922 42012 42162 42625 42712 43361 43951 44010 44501 44505 44713 45291 45317 45537 45755-45756 45913 46249 46466 46549 46718 47055 47416 48015 48441 48635 48687https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/670/A75?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/670/A75/table1Orbital parameters of triple system candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCommon name of starsmeta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 Source Identifier (source_id)meta.idcharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at epoch J2000.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at epoch J2000.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNSSmodelNSS model adopted from Gaia DR3 NSS solution (1)meta.id;stat.fitcharbinPerInner binary perioddtime.perioddoublePerPeriod of the outer orbit (period)dtime.perioddoublee_PerStandard error of outer period (period_error)dstat.errordoublesmasiniProjected semi-major axissolRadphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublee_smasiniStandard error of projected semi-major axissolRadstat.errordoubleeccEccentricity of the outer orbit (eccentricity)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublee_eccStandard error of eccentricity of the outer orbit (eccentricity_error)stat.errordoubleomegaArgument of periastron (arg_periastron)degsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_omegaStandard error of argument of periastron (arg_periastron)degstat.errordoubleTperiPeriastron epoch relative to J2016.0 (t_periastron)dsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_TperiStandard error of periastron epoch relative to J2016.0 (t_periastron_error)dstat.errordouble