J/A+A/670/A68ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/670/A68doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-my/lgiCDSMishra L.Alibert Y.Udry S.Mordasini C.2026-07-01T14:00:30Z2023-02-14T09:04:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsexoplanetsvisible-astronomystellar-massesstellar-radiieffective-temperatureWe present a novel model-independent framework for studying the architecture of an exoplanetary system at the system level. This framework allows us to characterise, quantify, and classify the architecture of an individual planetary system. Our aim, in this endeavour, was to generate a uniform systematic method to study the arrangement and distribution of various planetary quantities within a single planetary system. We propose that the space of planetary system architectures be partitioned into four classes. We label these classes as: Similar, Mixed, Anti-Ordered, and Ordered. A central aim of this paper is to introduce these four architecture classes. We apply our framework on observed and synthetic multi-planetary systems presenting their mass, radius, density, core mass, and core water mass fraction architectures; and explore the relationships between a system's (mass) architecture and other properties. Our simulations suggest that: (a) Similar architectures are the most common outcome of planet formation, (b) internal structure and composition of planets shows a strong link with their system architecture, (c) most systems inherit their mass architecture from their core mass architecture, (d) most planets which started inside the ice line and formed in-situ are found in systems with Similar architecture, and (e) most Anti-Ordered systems should be rich of wet planets, while most observed mass Ordered systems should have many dry planets. We find that, in good agreement with theory, observations are biased towards discovering systems whose density architectures are Similar, Mixed, or Anti-Ordered. This study engenders novel questions and new parameter spaces for understanding theory and observations. Future studies may utilise our framework to not only constraining our knowledge of an individual planet, but also the multi-faceted architecture of an entire planetary system. We also speculate on the role of system architectures in hosting habitable worlds.2023A&A...670A..68Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A68CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A68https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A68GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A68/table1 (Catalogue of observed multi-planetary systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A68/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A68/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A68/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true6/5009 9934 10061 14278 14744 14751 14753 14757 14794 14824 14826 14936 14939 14971 15060 15115 15154 16472 17149 17425 18496 18569 18641 18726 18881 20125 21394 23030 27358 27393 32561 33510 33813 34446 34767 35954 42101 42248 42459https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/670/A68?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/670/A68/table1Catalogue of observed multi-planetary systemssma4Semi-major axis of planet4AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_Radius4? Radius of planet4 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablemin-mass2[FT-] True/False for minimum mass2meta.codecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableHostStarName of Host starmeta.id;meta.maincharTICTESS Input Catalogue IDmeta.idcharKIC? Kepler Input Catalogue IDmeta.iddoublenullableGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 IDmeta.idcharMultNumber of planets in systemmeta.numberfloatMstarMass of host starsolMassphys.massfloate_Mstar? Mass of host star errorsolMassstat.errorfloatnullableRstar? Radius of host starsolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_Rstar? Radius of host star errorsolRadstat.errorfloatnullableLstarLuminosity of host starsolLumphys.luminosityfloate_Lstar? Luminosity of host star errorsolLumstat.errorfloatnullableTeffEffective Temperature of host starKphys.temperature.effectivefloate_Teff? Effective Temperature of host star errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivedoublenullableMet? Metallicity of host starphys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_Met? Error in Metallicity of host starstat.errorfloatnullableAge? Age of host starGyrtime.agefloatnullablee_Age? Error in Age of host starGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableDistDistance of host starpcpos.distancedoublePlanet2Planet2 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet3Planet3 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet4Planet4 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet5Planet5 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet6Planet6 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet7Planet7 name or lettermeta.idcharPlanet8Planet8 name or lettermeta.idcharMass1? Mass of planet 1(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass2? Mass of planet 2(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass3? Mass of planet 3(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass4? Mass of planet 4(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass5? Mass of planet 5(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass6? Mass of planet 6(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass7? Mass of planet 7(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullableMass8? Mass of planet 8(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_Mass1? Mass of planet 1 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass2? Mass of planet 2 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass3? Mass of planet 3 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass4? Mass of planet 4 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass5? Mass of planet 5 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablemin-mass3[FT-] True/False for minimum mass3meta.codecharmin-mass4[FT-] True/False for minimum mass4meta.codecharmin-mass5[FT-] True/False for minimum mass5meta.codecharmin-mass6[FT-] True/False for minimum mass6meta.codecharmin-mass7[FT-] True/False for minimum mass7meta.codecharmin-mass8[FT-] True/False for minimum mass8meta.codechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullablePlanet1Planet1 name or lettermeta.idchare_sma8? Semi-major axis of planet8 errorAUstat.errorchare_Mass6? Mass of planet 6 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass7? Mass of planet 7 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablee_Mass8? Mass of planet 8 error(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullableRadius1? Radius of planet1(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius2? Radius of planet2(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius3? Radius of planet3(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius4? Radius of planet4(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius5? Radius of planet5(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius6? Radius of planet6(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius7? Radius of planet7(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullableRadius8? Radius of planet8(6.3781x10+6m)phys.angSize;srcdoublenullablee_Radius1? Radius of planet1 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius2? Radius of planet2 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius3? Radius of planet3 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius5? Radius of planet5 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius6? Radius of planet6 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius7? Radius of planet7 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablee_Radius8? Radius of planet8 error(6.3781x10+6m)stat.errordoublenullablesma1Semi-major axis of planet1AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublesma2Semi-major axis of planet2AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublesma3Semi-major axis of planet3AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublesma5? Semi-major axis of planet5AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublenullablesma6? Semi-major axis of planet6AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublenullablesma7? Semi-major axis of planet7AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublenullablesma8? Semi-major axis of planet8AUphys.size.smajAxisdoublenullablee_sma1? Semi-major axis of planet1 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma2? Semi-major axis of planet2 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma3? Semi-major axis of planet3 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma4? Semi-major axis of planet4 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma5? Semi-major axis of planet5 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma6? Semi-major axis of planet6 errorAUstat.errordoublenullablee_sma7? Semi-major axis of planet7 errorAUstat.errordoublenullableecc1? Eccentricity of planet1src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc2? Eccentricity of planet2src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc3? Eccentricity of planet3src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc4? Eccentricity of planet4src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc5? Eccentricity of planet5src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc6? Eccentricity of planet6src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc7? Eccentricity of planet7src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableecc8? Eccentricity of planet8src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablee_ecc1? Eccentricity of planet1 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc2? Eccentricity of planet2 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc3? Eccentricity of planet3 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc4? Eccentricity of planet4 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc5? Eccentricity of planet5 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc6? Eccentricity of planet6 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc7? Eccentricity of planet7 errorstat.errordoublenullablee_ecc8? Eccentricity of planet8 errorstat.errorcharInc1? Inclination of planet1radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc2? Inclination of planet2radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc3? Inclination of planet3radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc4? Inclination of planet4radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc5? Inclination of planet5radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc6? Inclination of planet6radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc7? Inclination of planet7radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullableInc8? Inclination of planet8radsrc.orbital.inclinationdoublenullablee_Inc1? Inclination of planet1 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc2? Inclination of planet2 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc3? Inclination of planet3 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc4? Inclination of planet4 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc5? Inclination of planet5 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc6? Inclination of planet6 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc7? Inclination of planet7 errorradstat.errordoublenullablee_Inc8? Inclination of planet8 errorradstat.errorcharmin-mass1[FT-] True/False for minimum mass1meta.codechar