J/A+A/670/A37ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/670/A37doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36700037CDSFlaccomio E.Micela G.Peres G.Sciortino S.Salvaggio E.,Prisinzano L.Guarcello M. G.Venuti L.Bonito R.Pillitteri I.2024-11-28T20:02:07Z2023-02-01T08:36:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clusterspre-main-sequence-starsx-ray-sourcesThe processes that lead from molecular clouds to protostars, stellar associations, and the evolution of both, are active research topics. The target of this study, NGC2264, is a benchmark star-forming region (SFR) in which these issues can be profitably studied. We assembled a new extensive sample of NGC 2264 members. To this end we used new X-ray data obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope, GAIA eDR3 data, and an extensive collection of public and published catalogs. Following a previous suggestion that the SFR might extend significantly beyond the better studied areas, our search covers a wide 2.5x2.5 degrees region in the sky. Our catalog comprises more than 2200 candidate members, a ~100% increase over previous determinations. We analyze their spatial distribution and define new substructures. Using GAIA parallaxes we estimate a new average distance to NGC2264 of 722+/-2pc and suggest that the embedded Spokes subregion is ~20pc farther away within the molecular cloud. A complex dynamics is unveiled by the available proper motions and radial velocities: we observe signs of global expansion and rotation. At the same time, we observe the collapse and coalescence of two substructures in a region where active star formation is taking place. The fraction of stars with disks and of those undergoing circumstellar accretion varies significantly across the field, suggesting that star formation has been occurring for several million years. A particularly low disk fraction around the O VII star S Mon might be attributed to external disk photoevaporation or to an older age of the stars in the region. NGC2264 is not dynamically relaxed and its present configuration is the result of multiple dynamical processes. The cloud has been forming stars for several million years and we identify the process that is likely responsible for the ongoing formation activity.2023A&A...670A..37Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A37CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)II/349 : Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)J/AJ/114/2644 : UBVRIHa photometry of NGC2264 (Sung+, 1997)J/A+A/417/557 : Rotation + variability of PMS Stars in NGC 2264 (Lamm, 2004)J/AJ/127/2659 : CHANDRA observations of NGC 2264 (Ramirez+, 2004)J/A+A/455/903 : ACIS-I observations of NGC 2264 (Flaccomio+, 2006)J/AJ/134/999 : X-ray observations of NGC 2264 (Dahm+, 2007)J/AJ/135/441 : VRIH{alpha} photometry in NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2008)J/AJ/138/1116 : A Spitzer view of NGC 2264 (Sung+, 2009)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/MNRAS/453/2006 : NGC 2264 SCUBA-2 observations (Buckle+, 2015)J/A+A/642/A56 : Diagnostic for accretion/outflow in NGC 2264 (Bonito+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A37https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A37http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A37https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A37https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A37http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A37GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A37/table2 (Detected XMM-Newton sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true99.602708310.09680560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A37/table3 (Candidate members ( 'a'))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true98.9297510.89266670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A37/tablea1 (Detected Chandra ACIS sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A37/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.03945839.89366670.0055555555555555565/5909 5952 6/22269-22271 22442 23633 23635 23644-23645 23816https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/670/A37?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/A+A/670/A37/table2Detected XMM-Newton sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintXMM[1/944] Source identification numbermeta.idintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainId.radIdentification radius (1)arcsecstat.fit.paramfloatSignifSignificance of detectionstat.fit.goodnessfloatCtsBackground-subtracted source countsctphot.count;em.X-rayfloatFluxFlux in the 0.3-7.9keV band1e-07ph.s**-1.cm**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediuminte_FluxUncertainty on Flux1e-07ph.s**-1.cm**-2stat.error;phot.fluxintJ/A+A/670/A37/table3Candidate members ( 'a')recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/10267] Catalog sequential numbermeta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaia? Gaia source namemeta.idnullablePS1? PS1 source namemeta.idnullable2MASS2MASS source namemeta.idcharMon? CSI source name(1)meta.idintnullableACIS? Chandra-ACIS source name (Tab. A1)meta.idintnullableXMM? XMM-Newton source number (Tab. 2)meta.idintnullableFmembmembership flag (2)meta.code.membercharFfieldfield star flag (3)meta.codecharsampsubsamples (4)meta.idcharJ/A+A/670/A37/tablea1Detected Chandra ACIS sourcesRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maineposStatistical uncertainty on positionarcsecstat.errorfloatCtsBackground-subtracted source countsctphot.count;em.X-rayfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintACIS[1/1043] Source numbermeta.idint