J/A+A/669/A117ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/669/A117doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36690117CDSLeleu A.Delisle J.-B.Udry S.Mardling R.Turbet M.Egger J.A.,Alibert Y.Chatel G.Eggenberger P.Stalport M.2024-11-06T20:02:03Z2023-01-20T11:35:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsphotometryvisible-astronomyTransit timing variations (TTVs) can provide useful information on compact multi-planetary systems observed by transits by setting constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets. This is especially helpful when the host star is not bright enough for a radial velocity (RV) follow-up. However, {in the past decade}, a number of works have shown that TTV- characterised planets tend to have lower densities than planets characterised on the basis of RVs. Re-analysing 34 Kepler planets in the super-Earth to sub- Neptunes range using the RIVERS approach, we show that at least some of these discrepancies were due to the way transit timings were extracted from the light curve, as a result of their tendency to underestimate the TTV amplitudes. We recovered robust mass estimates (i.e. with low prior dependency) for 23 of the planets. We compared these planets the RV- characterised population and found that a large fraction of those that previously had unusually low density estimates were adjusted, allowing them to occupy a place on the mass-radius diagram much closer to the bulk of known planets. However, a slight shift toward lower densities remains, which could indicate that the compact multi-planetary systems characterised by TTVs are indeed composed of planets that are different from the bulk of the RV- characterised population. These results are especially important in the context of obtaining an unbiased view of the compact multi-planetary systems detected by Kepler, TESS, and the upcoming PLATO mission.2023A&A...669A.117Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/669/A117CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat. I. KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/669/A117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/669/A117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/669/A117https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/669/A117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/669/A117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/669/A117GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/669/A117/table1 (Stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/669/A117/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/669/A117/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/669/A117/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true294.218898149.47923690.0055555555555555566/14586 14591 14731 14733 14764 14767 14779 14937 14959 14973 15104 15109 15116 15160 15170https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/669/A117?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/669/A117/table1Stellar parametersSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName, Kepler-NNNmeta.idcharKICKIC identification numbermeta.idintn_KIC[*] Note on KIC (1)meta.notecharTeffEffective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloate_TeffEffective temperature error (2)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectivefloatM*Star mass (2)solMassphys.massfloate_M*Star mass error (2)solMassstat.errorfloatR*Star radius (2)solRadphys.size.radiusfloate_R*Star radius error (2)solRadstat.errorfloatrho*Star density (2)Sunmeta.crypticfloate_rho*Star density error (2)Sunstat.errorfloatKOIKOI, KNNNNNmeta.id;meta.maincharSamp[2p 3p] Sample with photodynamic fits (3)src.sample;meta.fitschartimingsDisplay the transit timings in timings.dat filemeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/669/A117/timingsTransit timings and errors extracted from photo-dynamical fitsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKOI of the transiting planet, KNNNNN.NNmeta.id;meta.maincharDate[100.38/1588.16] Median transit date, BJD-2454833.0dtime.epoch;stat.mediandoubleb_Date[100.38/1588.16] Date 0.15865 quantile, BJD-2454833.0dtime.epochdoubleB_Date[100.39/1588.17] Date 0.84135 quantile, BJD-2454833.0dtime.epochdoubleJ/A+A/669/A117/samp-2pSamples of the photodynamic fits for 2-planets systems, Jacobi orbital elements at epoch 100.0 [BJD-2454833.0]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKOI, KNNNNNmeta.id;meta.maincharlambda1[9.25/319.64] Mean longitude 1degsrc.orbital.nodedoubleP1[5.72/15.09] Orbital period 1dtime.perioddoubleecw1[-0.18/0.11] ecc1*cos(long of pericenter 1)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleesw1[-0.16/0.17] ecc1*sin(long of pericenter 1)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublelogM1/M*[-5.81/-3.88] log10(m1/mstar)phys.massdoublelambda2[29.5/336.85] Mean longitude 2degsrc.orbital.nodedoubleP2[8.98/25.76] Orbital period 2dtime.perioddoubleecw2[-0.12/0.13] ecc2*cos(long of pericenter 2)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleesw2[-0.13/0.12] ecc2*sin(long of pericenter 2)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublelogM2/M*[-5.64/-3.96] log10(m2/mstar)phys.massdoubleJ/A+A/669/A117/samp-3pSamples of the photodynamic fits for 3-planets systems, Jacobi orbital elements at epoch 100.0 [BJD-2454833.0]recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKOIKOI, KNNNNNmeta.id;meta.maincharlambda1[62.61/210.45] Mean longitude 1degsrc.orbital.nodedoubleP1[5.48/8.15] Orbital period 1dtime.perioddoubleecw1[-0.06/0.07] ecc1*cos(long of pericenter 1)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleesw1[-0.03/0.09] ecc1*sin(long of pericenter 1)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublelogM1/M*[-5.06/-4.3] log10(M1/Mstar)phys.massdoublelambda2[67.53/337.48] Mean longitude 2degsrc.orbital.nodedoubleP2[8.28/12.34] Orbital period 2dtime.perioddoubleecw2[-0.06/0.05] ecc2*cos(long of pericenter 2)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleesw2[-0.04/0.06] ecc2*sin(long of pericenter 2)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublelogM2/M*[-5.19/-4.34] log10(M2/Mstar)phys.massdoublelambda3[159.63/332.25] Mean longitude 3degsrc.orbital.nodedoubleP3[11.9/19.02] Orbital period 3dtime.perioddoubleecw3[-0.08/0.06] ecc3*cos(long of pericenter 3)src.orbital.eccentricitydoubleesw3[-0.08/0.05] ecc3*sin(long of pericenter 3)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublelogM3/M*[-7.0/-4.31] log10(M3/Mstar)phys.massdouble