J/A+A/667/A141ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/667/A141doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36670141CDSGarvin E.O.Kruk S.Cornen C.Bhatawdekar R.Canameras R.Merin B.2024-11-28T20:01:06Z2022-11-23T10:10:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-lensinggalaxiescatalogsThe Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archives constitute a rich dataset of high-resolution images to mine for strong gravitational lenses. While many HST programmes specifically target strong lenses, they can also be present by coincidence in other HST observations. Our aim is to identify non-targeted strong gravitational lenses, without any prior selection on the lens properties, in almost two decades of images from the ESA Hubble Space Telescope archive (eHST). We used crowdsourcing on the Hubble Asteroid Hunter (HAH) citizen science project to identify strong lenses, along with asteroid trails, in publicly available large field-of-view HST images. We visually inspected 2 354 objects tagged by citizen scientists as strong lenses to clean the sample and identify the genuine lenses. We report the detection of 252 strong gravitational lens candidates, which were not the primary targets of the HST observations. A total of 198 of them are new, not previously reported by other studies, consisting of 45 A grades, 74 B grades and 79 C grades. The majority are galaxy-galaxy configurations. The newly detected lenses are, on average, 1.3 magnitudes fainter than previous HST searches. This sample of strong lenses with high-resolution HST imaging is ideal to follow up with spectroscopy for lens modelling and scientific analyses. This paper presents the unbiased search of lenses that enabled us to find a wide variety of lens configurations, including exotic lenses. We demonstrate the power of crowdsourcing in visually identifying strong lenses and the benefits of exploring large archival datasets. This study shows the potential of using crowdsourcing in combination with artificial intelligence for the detection and validation of strong lenses in future large-scale surveys such as ESA's Euclid mission or in JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST) archival images.2022A&A...667A.141Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/667/A141CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/661/A85 : Asteroid trails in HST images (Kruk+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/667/A141https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/667/A141http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/667/A141https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/667/A141https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/667/A141http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/667/A141GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/667/A141/tablea (Gravitational lenses identified in the Hubble Space Telescope observation (tables A1-A3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/667/A141/tablea?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/667/A141/tablea?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/667/A141/tablea?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.44161-54.673950.0055555555555555566/821 992 2409 2432 2621 2658 2699 4406 4775 4850 4947 5091 5100 5171 5624 5804 5925 5985 6112 6383 6488 6495 6524 6536 6539 7296 7376 7426 7576 7606 7802 8260 8270 8338 8745 9149 9151 9397 9466 9588 9682 10191 10214 10379 10391 10400 10516 10621 10664 10755 11021 11080 11252 11424-11425 11434 11439 11441 11467 11524 11636 11723 11807 11974 12025 12184 13401 13653 16486 16609 16682 16701 17229 17247 17457 17472 17499 17518 17690 17694 17716 17741 18122 18390 18475 18534 18746 18778 19009 19089 19846 19957 20128 20355 20536 21872 22008 22330 22591 22915 22960 22972 23072 23173 23216 24735 25071 25188 25334 25344 25416 25418 25675 25739 26195 26209 26432 26676 26787 27046 27049 27075 27085 27256 27258-27259 27300 27311 27387 27650 27728 27764 27915 27917 27924 28087 28141 28361 28448 30946 31333 31546 31692 32357 32379 32616 33175 33203 33277 33289 33580 33626-33627 33692 33769 33910 33921 34035 34110-34111 34165 34264 34351 34397 34671 34726 34793 34796 34986 35055 35520 35935 36028 36089 36617 36644 37395 38966 38973 39051 40828 41014 43227 43620 43838 45055 46169-46170 46474 46629 47463 47919 48361 48423 48458https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/667/A141?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/667/A141/tableaGravitational lenses identified in the Hubble Space Telescope observation (tables A1-A3)GroupScale[yes/no ] Indicates if the object is believed to be the member of a group scale (1)meta.codecharIDInternal lens ID from the paper, (2)meta.idintGrade[ABC] The grade of the lens assigned by the authors (3)meta.code.qualcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrarc? Arc radius indicating the angular separation between the lens and the image of the sourcearcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableq? Axis ratio of the lens (measured with GALFIT)phys.size.axisRatiofloatnullablePA[]? Position angle of the lens (measured with GALFIT), measured from North through Eastdegpos.posAngfloatnullableClassThe morphological class of the source images, with the following categories: Arc, Ring, Quad, Double, Triple, Crosssrc.morph.typecharz? Redshift of the lenssrc.redshiftfloatnullabler_z[*] * indicates retrieved either from NED or from SDSSmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInstHST instrument and aperture (ACS/WFC3, WFC3/UVIS or WFC3/IR)phys.angSize;instr.fovcharFiltHST filter in which the lens was discovered and fitted with GALFITmeta.notecharmag? Magnitude of the lens (measured with GALFIT)magphot.magfloatnullablere? Effective radius of the lens (measured with GALFIT)arcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablen_z[SP] "S" indicates spectroscopic redshift, "P" is the photometric redshiftmeta.notecharPropID? The ID of the HST proposal in which the serendipitous strong lens was found (4)meta.id;obsintnullableRefReference to the article in which the lens was first reported (5)meta.bibcharTargetName of the HST observation target in which the lens was found, if the target was a galaxy clustermeta.id;obscharDESI? ID of candidate galaxy cluster from DESI (Zou et al, 2021, Cat. J/ApJS/253/56) found within 3 arcmin from the gravitational lensmeta.idnullableDdesi? Angular distance from the lens to the DESI clusterarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableRedMapID of candidate galaxy cluster from SDSS RedMaPPer (Rykoff et al., Cat. J/ApJ/785/104) found within 3 arcmin from the gravitational lensmeta.idcharDredmap? Angular distance from the lens to the RedMaPPer clusterarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableNameIAU Name: Hubble Asteroid Hunter (HAH JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.mainchar