J/A+A/666/A118ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/666/A118doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36660118CDSJones K.Morris B.M.Demory B.-O.Heng K.Hooton M.J.Billot N.,Ehrenreich D.Hoyer S.Simon A.E.Lendl M.Demangeon O.D.S.Sousa S.G.,Bonfanti A.Wilson T.G.Salmon S.Csizmadia Sz.Parviainen H.Bruno G.,Alibert Y.Alonso R.Anglada G.Barczy T.Barrado D.Barros S.C.C.,Baumjohann W.Beck M.Beck T.Benz W.Bonfils X.Brandeker A.,Broeg C.Cabrera J.Charnoz S.Collier Cameron A.Davies M.B.,Deleuil M.Deline A.Delrez L.Erikson A.Fortier A.Fossati L.,Fridlund M.Gandolfi D.Gillon M.Guedel M.Isaak K.G.Kiss L.L.,Laskar J.Lecavelier des Etangs A.Lovis C.Magrin D.Maxted P.F.L.,Nascimbeni V.Olofsson G.Ottensamer R.Pagano I.Palle E.Peter G.,Piotto G.Pollacco D.Queloz D.Ragazzoni R.Rando N.Ratti F.,Rauer H.Reimers C.Ribas I.Santos N.C.Scandariato G.Segransan D.,Smith A.M.S.Steller M.Szabo Gy.M.Thomas N.Udry S.Van Grootel V.,Walter I.Walton N.A.Wang Jungo W.2022-11-25T13:44:20Z2022-10-19T09:06:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsphotometryEven among the most irradiated gas giants, so-called ultra-hot Jupiters, KELT-9b stands out as the hottest planet thus far discovered with a dayside temperature of over 4500K. At these extreme irradiation levels, we expect an increase in heat redistribution efficiency and a low Bond albedo owed to an extended atmosphere with molecular hydrogen dissociation occurring on the planetary dayside. We present new photometric observations of the KELT-9 system throughout 4 full orbits and 9 separate occultations obtained by the 30cm space telescope CHEOPS. The CHEOPS bandpass, located at optical wavelengths, captures the peak of the thermal emission spectrum of KELT-9b. In this work we simultaneously analyse CHEOPS phase curves along with public phase curves from TESS and Spitzer to infer joint constraints on the phase curve variation, gravity-darkened transits, and occultation depth in three bandpasses, as well as derive 2D temperature maps of the atmosphere at three different depths. We find a day-night heat redistribution efficiency of ~0.3 which confirms expectations of enhanced energy transfer to the planetary nightside due to dissociation and recombination of molecular hydrogen. We also calculate a Bond albedo consistent with zero. We find no evidence of variability of the brightness temperature of the planet, excluding variability greater than 1% (1{sigma}).2022A&A...666A.118Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/666/A118CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/666/A118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/666/A118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/666/A118https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/666/A118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/666/A118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/666/A118GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/666/A118/occ0-df2020-07-25 07:15/2020-07-25 14:05 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ1-df2020-08-04 16:02/2020-08-04 21:52 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ2-df2020-08-17 23:54/2020-08-18 05:49 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ3-df2020-08-20 23:28/2020-08-21 05:57 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ4-df2020-08-23 23:20/2020-08-24 05:21 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ5-df2020-08-28 10:32/2020-08-28 16:30 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ6-df2020-09-03 08:19/2020-09-03 14:17 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ7-df2020-09-13 16:15/2020-09-13 22:44 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ8-df2021-07-24 15:45/2021-07-24 21:37 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ9-df2020-09-01 18:26/2020-09-02 02:00 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ10-df2020-09-10 03:31/2020-09-12 14:11 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ11-df2020-09-12 05:02/2020-09-12 10:55 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ12-df2021-08-01 00:13/2021-08-01 09:30 CHEOPS occultationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/occ13-df2021-08-23 06:23/2021-08-23 14:00 CHEOPS occultationsin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxfloatModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised flux(10-6)phot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/cheopsdfCheops photometric phase curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleindexedFluxNormalised fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublesin(RollAngle)sine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoublecos(RollAngle)cosine of spacecraft roll angleinstr.offsetdoubleTThermfront2 temperature sensorKphys.temperaturedoubleBckgBackgroundinstr.backgrounddoublee_FluxFlux error(10-6)stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleModBest fit model(10-6)stat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/tess-dfTESS previously published phase curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleindexedFluxNormalised fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxFlux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleModBest fit modelstat.param;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/666/A118/spit-dfSpitzer previously published phase curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalised fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxFlux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleModBest fit modelstat.param;meta.modelleddouble