J/A+A/665/A68ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/665/A68doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36650068CDSMurillo N.M.Hsieh T.-H.Walsh C.2022-09-14T06:12:42Z2022-09-13T08:14:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsSnowlines during star and disk formation are responsible for a range of effects during the evolution of protostars, such as setting the chemical composition of the envelope and disk. This in turn influences the formation of planets by changing the elemental compositions of solids and affecting the collisional properties and outcomes of dust grains. Snowlines can also reveal accretion bursts, providing insight into the formation process of stars. A numerical chemical network coupled with a grid of cylindrical-symmetric physical models was used to identify what physical parameters alter the CO and H_2_O snowline locations. The investigated parameters are the initial molecular abundances, binding energies of CO and H_2_O, heating source, cloud core density, outflow cavity opening angle, and disk geometry. Simulated molecular line emission maps were used to quantify the change in the snowline location with each parameter. The models presented in this work show that the CO and H_2_O snowline locations do not occur at a single, well-defined temperature as is commonly assumed. Instead, the snowline position depends on luminosity, cloud core density, and whether a disk is present or not. Inclination and spatial resolution affect the observability and successful measurement of snowline locations. We note that N_2_H+ and HCO+ emission serve as good observational tracers of CO and H_2_O snowline locations. However, constraints on whether or not a disk is present, the observation of additional molecular tracers, and estimating envelope density will help in accurately determining the cause of the observed snowline position. Plots of the N_2_H+ and HCO+ peak emission radius versus luminosity are provided to compare the models with observations of deeply embedded protostars aiming to measure the CO and H_2_O snowline locations.2022A&A...665A..68Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/665/A68CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/665/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/665/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/665/A68https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/665/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/665/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/665/A68GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/665/A68/md_prmList of calculated molecular distribution model names and corresponding physical parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMDFileNameModel FileName, in subdirectory models (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;meta.filecharMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleLcenCentral luminosity of the protostarsolLumphys.luminosityfloatRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintJ/A+A/665/A68/sed_prmList of spectral energy distributions (SED) model names and corresponding physical parametersTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSEDFileNameSED model FileName, in subdirectory sed (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;stat.param;meta.modelledcharinclInclination angle, 0 (face-on), 90 (edge-on)degsrc.orbital.inclinationintMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleLcenCentral luminosity of the protostarsolLumphys.luminosityfloatRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintJ/A+A/665/A68/lcpn_prmList of central luminosity versus N2H+ peak position table names and corresponding physical parameters of the model setrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLcPNFileNameCentral luminosity vs N2H+ peak position table name, in subdirectory lcpn (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;meta.filecharMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintJ/A+A/665/A68/lbpn_prmList of bolometric luminosity versus N2H+ peak position table names and corresponding physical parameters of the model setrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLbPNFileNameBolometric luminosity vs N2H+ peak position table name, in subdirectory lbpn (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;meta.filecharMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintJ/A+A/665/A68/lcph_prmList of central luminosity versus HCO+ peak position table names and corresponding physical parameters of the model setThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLcPHFileNameCentral luminosity vs HCO+ peak position table name, in subdirectory lcph (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;meta.filecharMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleJ/A+A/665/A68/lbph_prmList of bolometric luminosity versus HCO+ peak position table names and corresponding physical parameters of the model setrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLbPHFileNameBolometric lum vs HCO+ peak position table name, in subdirectory lbph (csv file with one hearder line)meta.id;meta.filecharMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintJ/A+A/665/A68/fits_prmList of simulated N_2_H+ and HCO+ emission integrated intensity maps with corresponding model parametersHCOpixsizePixel size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatDistAdopted distance for the simulated datacubespcpos.distanceintinclInclination angle, 0 (face-on), 90 (edge-on)degsrc.orbital.inclinationintMdiskDisk masssolMassphys.massdoubleLcenCentral protostar luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatRdiskDisk radiusAUphys.angSize;srcintHdiskDisk scale height, dimensionless ratioinstr.scale;arith.ratiofloatrhoenvEnvelope densitycm**-3src.densitydoubleThetaoutOutflow cavity opening angledegpos.posAngintEbCOBinding energy for COKphys.energyintEbH2OBinding energy for H2OKphys.energyintTeffCentral protostar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintN2HFileNameN2H+ datacube fits filename, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharN2HbeamsizeBeam size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatN2HmapsizeMap size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamintN2HpixsizePixel size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatHCOFileNameHCO+ datacube fits filename, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharHCObeamsizeBeam size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatHCOmapsizeMap size of the N2H+ datacubearcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamint