J/A+A/661/A63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/661/A63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36610063CDSWolthoff V.Reffert S.Quirrenbach A.Jones M.I.Wittenmyer R.A.,Jenkins J.S.2025-04-08T20:00:54Z2022-09-30T14:28:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyRadial velocity surveys of evolved stars allow us to probe a higher stellar mass range, on average, compared to main-sequence samples. Hence, differences between the planet populations around the two target classes can be caused by either the differing stellar mass or stellar evolution. To properly disentangle the effects of both variables, it is important to characterize the planet population around giant stars as accurately as possible. Our goal is to investigate the giant planet occurrence rate around evolved stars and determine its dependence on stellar mass, metallicity, and orbital period. We combine data from three different radial velocity surveys targeting giant stars: the Lick giant star survey, the radial velocity program EXoPlanets aRound Evolved StarS (EXPRESS), and the Pan-Pacific Planet Search (PPPS), yielding a sample of 482 stars and 37 planets. We homogeneously rederived the stellar parameters of all targets and accounted for varying observational coverage, precision and stellar noise properties by computing a detection probability map for each star via injection and retrieval of synthetic planetary signals. We then computed giant planet occurrence rates as a function of period, stellar mass, and metallicity, corrected for incompleteness. Our findings agree with previous studies that found a positive planet-metallicity correlation for evolved stars and identified a peak in the giant planet occurrence rate as a function of stellar mass, but our results place it at a slightly smaller mass of (1.68+/-0.59)M_{sun}_. The period dependence of the giant planet occurrence rate seems to follow a broken power-law or log-normal distribution peaking at (718+/-226)days or (797+/-455)days, respectively, which roughly corresponds to 1.6AU for a 1M_{sun}_ star and 2.0 AU for a 2M_{sun}_ star. This peak could be a remnant from halted migration around intermediate-mass stars, caused by stellar evolution, or an artifact from contamination by false positives. The completeness-corrected global occurrence rate of giant planetary systems around evolved stars is 10.7_-1.6_^+2.2^% for the entire sample, while the evolutionary subsets of RGB and HB stars exhibit 14.2_-2.7_^+4.1^% and 6.6_-1.3_^+2.1^%, respectively. However, both subsets have different stellar mass distributions and we demonstrate that the stellar mass dependence of the occurrence rate suffices to explain the apparent change of occurrence with the evolutionary stage.2022A&A...661A..63Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/536/A71 : Atmospheric parameters of nearby giant stars (Jones+, 2011)J/ApJ/743/184 : Pan-Pacific Planet Search (PPPS) I. 7 CMa (Wittenmyer+, 2011)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/661/A63/table1 (*Planetary systems identified around stars from all three surveys)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A63/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A63/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A63/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true17.1474644-10.18226580.0055555555555555566/341 737 1770 4574 4741 6039 6219 6298 7402 11394 11473 12646 16956 17551 17764 18688 20886 20973 21221 22015 22518 22658 28044 29246 29589 30855 34902 37119 38270 40312 41627 41710 42661 43442 43840 44158 45164 45378 45489 46775 47632 48109https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/661/A63?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/661/A63/table1*Planetary systems identified around stars from all three surveysCode[ABC] Code (1)meta.codecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHIPHIP numbermeta.id;meta.mainintM*Stellar mass (2)solMassphys.massfloate_M*Stellar mass error (2)solMassstat.errorfloatloggSurface gravity (2)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggSurface gravity error (2)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatL*Stellar luminosity (2)solLumphys.luminosityfloate_L*Stellar luminosity error (2)solLumstat.errorfloat[Fe/H]Metallicity (2)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Metallicity error (2)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatStage[HB RGB] Evolution stage (2)meta.code.classcharMPsiniPlanet mass, M_P_sini (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloate_MPsini? Planet mass, M_P_sini error (2)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errorfloatnullablePPeriod (2)dtime.periodfloate_PPeriod error (2)dstat.errorfloatKRVRadial velocity (2)m/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_KRVRadial velocity error (2)m/sstat.errorfloataSemi-major axis (2)AUphys.size.smajAxisfloate_a? Semi-major axis error (2)AUstat.errorfloatnullableeEccentricity (2)src.orbital.eccentricityfloate_eEccentricity error (2)stat.errorfloatfR? Recovery fraction%meta.numberintnullablefC? Completeness fraction%meta.numberintnullableRefDetection reference in refs.dat filemeta.refchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/661/A63/refsReferencesRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar