J/A+A/661/A129ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/661/A129doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36610129CDSSong W.Maris A.Rivilla V.M.Fortuna F.Evangelisti L.Lv D.,Rodriguez-Almeida L.Jimenez-Serra I.Martin-Pintado J.Melandri S.2022-06-13T11:27:44Z2022-05-25T12:35:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fratomic-physicsspectroscopymolecular-cloudsCysteamine (NH_2_CH_2_CH_2_SH), a molecule of potential astrobiological interest, has not yet been detected in the interstellar medium. Furthermore, the sulfur-substituted isomer of ethanolamine (or 2-aminoethanol) has been recently detected in the molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027. In order to conduct a new interstellar search for cysteamine in the molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027, its pure rotational spectrum needs to be investigated in the laboratory. The pulsed-jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer and the Stark-modulated free-jet millimeter-wave absorption spectrometer were used to measure the purely rotational spectrum of cysteamine in the range of 6.5-18GHz (46.12-16.66mm) and 59.6-120.0GHz (5.03-2.72mm), respectively. We used a deep spectral line survey toward the molecular cloud G+0.693-0.027 obtained with the IRAM 30m and Yebes 40m radiotelescopes to search for cysteamine. We assigned 815 rotational transition lines of five conformers (gGt, gGg, g'Gg, g'Gg', and g'Gt) to fit the rotational constants, quartic centrifugal distortion constants, and the 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. For four conformers (gGt, gGg, g'Gg, and g'Gg'), the 34S isotopologs were observed, and for two of them (gGg and g'Gg), the ^13^C and ^15^N isotopolog spectra were also detected; all are in natural abundance. The five conformers of cysteamine were not detected toward the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud. We derived upper limits for their molecular abundances compared to molecular hydrogen of<(0.2-1.3)x10^-10^. The relative abundances with respect to the oxygen counterpart ethanolamine, previously detected toward this cloud, are NH_2_CH_2_CH_2_OH/NH_2_CH_2_CH_2_SH>0.8-5.3.2022A&A...661A.129Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A129CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A129https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A129http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A129https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A129https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A129http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A129GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/661/A129/tables2Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of the gGt conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables3Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of the gGg conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables4Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of the g'Gg conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables5Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of the g'Gg' conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables6Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of the g'Gt conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables7Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 34S mono substituted isotopologue for conformer gGt of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables8Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 34S mono substituted isotopologue for conformer gGg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables9Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 13C-1 mono substituted isotopologue for conformer gGg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables10Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 13C-2 mono substituted isotopologue for conformer gGg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables11Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 15N mono substituted isotopologue for conformer gGg of cysteamineKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequencyMHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated valueMHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracyMHzstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintJ/A+A/661/A129/tables12Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 34S mono substituted isotopologue for conformer g'Gg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables13Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 13C-1 mono substituted isotopologue for conformer g'Gg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables14Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 13C-2 mono substituted isotopologue for conformer g'Gg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tablec5Predicted frequencies of the g'Gt conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFreqPredicted frequency from experimental spectroscopic constantsMHzem.freqdoublee_FreqError of the prediction at 1-sigma levelMHzstat.errorfloatlogIBase 10 logarithm of the integrated intensitylog(nm**2.MHz)spect.line.intensityfloatDRDegrees of freedom in the rotational partition function (0 for atoms, 2 for linear molecules, and 3 for nonlinear molecules)stat.fit.dofintELOLower state energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatGupUpper state degeneracy Gupphys.electron.degenintTAGSpecies tag or molecular identifiermeta.id;phys.molintQNFMTIdentifies the format of the quantum numbers given in the field QNphys.atmol.qnintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJ/A+A/661/A129/tables15Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 15N mono substituted isotopologue for conformer g'Gg of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequencyMHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated valueMHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracyMHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tables16Assignments, measured line positions and least-squares residuals for the analysed transitions of 34S mono substituted isotopologue for conformer g'Gg' of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number J (1)phys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Ka (1)phys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kc (1)phys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number F (1)phys.atmol.qnintFreqObsExperimental rest frequency (1)MHzem.freqdoubleO-CObserved value minus calculated value (1)MHzstat.fit.residualfloatErrorExperimental accuracy (1)MHzstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A129/tablec1Predicted frequencies of the gGt conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFreqPredicted frequency from experimental spectroscopic constantsMHzem.freqdoublee_FreqError of the prediction at 1-sigma levelMHzstat.errorfloatlogIBase 10 logarithm of the integrated intensitylog(nm**2.MHz)spect.line.intensityfloatDRDegrees of freedom in the rotational partition function (0 for atoms, 2 for linear molecules, and 3 for nonlinear molecules)stat.fit.dofintELOLower state energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatGupUpper state degeneracy Gupphys.electron.degenintTAGSpecies tag or molecular identifiermeta.id;phys.molintQNFMTIdentifies the format of the quantum numbers given in the field QNphys.atmol.qnintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJ/A+A/661/A129/tablec2Predicted frequencies of the gGg conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFreqPredicted frequency from experimental spectroscopic constantsMHzem.freqdoublee_FreqError of the prediction at 1-sigma levelMHzstat.errorfloatlogIBase 10 logarithm of the integrated intensitylog(nm**2.MHz)spect.line.intensityfloatDRDegrees of freedom in the rotational partition function (0 for atoms, 2 for linear molecules, and 3 for nonlinear molecules)stat.fit.dofintELOLower state energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatGupUpper state degeneracy Gupphys.electron.degenintTAGSpecies tag or molecular identifiermeta.id;phys.molintQNFMTIdentifies the format of the quantum numbers given in the field QNphys.atmol.qnintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJ/A+A/661/A129/tablec3Predicted frequencies of the g'Gg conformer of cysteaminerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFreqPredicted frequency from experimental spectroscopic constantsMHzem.freqdoublee_FreqError of the prediction at 1-sigma levelMHzstat.errorfloatlogIBase 10 logarithm of the integrated intensitylog(nm**2.MHz)spect.line.intensityfloatDRDegrees of freedom in the rotational partition function (0 for atoms, 2 for linear molecules, and 3 for nonlinear molecules)stat.fit.dofintELOLower state energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatGupUpper state degeneracy Gupphys.electron.degenintTAGSpecies tag or molecular identifiermeta.id;phys.molintQNFMTIdentifies the format of the quantum numbers given in the field QNphys.atmol.qnintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintF'Upper state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJ/A+A/661/A129/tablec4Predicted frequencies of the g'Gg' conformer of cysteamineGupUpper state degeneracy Gupphys.electron.degenintF'Upper state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintJLower state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKaLower state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKcLower state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnintFLower state rotational quantum number Fphys.atmol.qnintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFreqPredicted frequency from experimental spectroscopic constantsMHzem.freqdoublee_FreqError of the prediction at 1-sigma levelMHzstat.errorfloatlogIBase 10 logarithm of the integrated intensitylog(nm**2.MHz)spect.line.intensityfloatDRDegrees of freedom in the rotational partition function (0 for atoms, 2 for linear molecules, and 3 for nonlinear molecules)stat.fit.dofintELOLower state energycm**-1phys.energy;phys.atmol.levelfloatTAGSpecies tag or molecular identifiermeta.id;phys.molintQNFMTIdentifies the format of the quantum numbers given in the field QNphys.atmol.qnintJ'Upper state rotational quantum number Jphys.atmol.configurationintKa'Upper state rotational quantum number Kaphys.atmol.qnintKc'Upper state rotational quantum number Kcphys.atmol.qnint