J/A+A/661/A10ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/661/A10doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36610010CDSBulbul E.Liu A.Pasini T.Comparat J.Hoang D.N.Klein M.,Ghirardini V.Salvato M.Merloni A.Seppi R.Wolf J.Anderson S.F.,Bahar E.Y.Brusa M.Brueggen M.Buchner J.Dwelly T.,Ibarra-Medel H.Ider Chitham J.Liu T.Nandra K.Ramos-Ceja M.E.,Sanders J.S.Shen Y.2024-10-21T20:01:28Z2022-05-18T13:43:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clusterssurveysx-ray-sourcesThe eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS), executed during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA telescope, was completed in November 2019. One of the science goals of this survey is to demonstrate the ability of eROSITA to detect samples of clusters and groups at the final depth of the eROSITA all-sky survey. Because of the sizeable (~26" HEW FOV average) point-spread function of eROSITA, high-redshift clusters of galaxies or compact nearby groups hosting bright active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be misclassified as point sources by the source detection algorithms. A total of 346 galaxy clusters and groups in the redshift range of 0.1<z<1.3 were identified based on their red sequence in the eFEDS point source catalog. We examine the multiwavelength properties of these clusters and groups to understand the potential biases in our selection process and the completeness of the extent-selected sample. We find that the majority of the clusters and groups in the point source sample are indeed underluminous and compact compared to the extent-selected sample. Their faint X-ray emission, well below the flux limit of the extent-selected eFEDS clusters, and their compact X-ray emission are likely to be the main reason for this misclassification. In the sample, we confirm that 10% of the sources host AGN in their brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) through optical spectroscopy and visual inspection. By studying their X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio properties, we establish a method for identifying clusters and groups that host AGN in their BCGs. We successfully test this method on the current point source catalog through the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopy and find eight low-mass clusters and groups with active radio-loud AGN that are particularly bright in the infrared. They include eFEDS J091437.8+024558, eFEDS J083520.1+012516, and eFEDS J092227.1+043339 at redshifts 0.3-0.4. This study helps us to characterize and understand our selection process and assess the completeness of the eROSITA extent-selected samples. The method we developed will be used to identify high-redshift clusters, AGN-dominated groups, and low-mass clusters that are misclassified in the future eROSITA all-sky survey point source catalogs.2022A&A...661A..10Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A10CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/661/A1 : The eFEDS X-ray catalogs (V7.4) (Brunner+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A2 : Galaxy clusters and groups in eFEDS (Liu+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A3 : eFEDS counterparts to point-like sources (Salvato+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A4 : eFEDS optical cluster and group catalog (Klein+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A5 : The eFEDS AGN catalog (Liu+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A7 : X-ray properties of eFEDS clusters and groups (Bahar+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A8 : eFEDS catalogue of variable X-ray sources (Boller+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A23 : Exoplanet X-ray irradiation & evaporation rates (Foster+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A24 : Corona-chromosphere connection (Fuhrmeister+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A29 : First eROSITA study of nearby M dwarfs (Magaudda+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A34 : eta Cha cluster eROSITA X-ray scan (Robrade+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A35 : eROSITA study of 47 Tuc globular cluster (Saeedi+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A38 : SRG/ART-XC 1st year all-sky X-ray survey (Pavlinsky+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A40 : eRASS1 X-ray sources Sco-Cen members (Schmitt+, 2022)J/A+A/661/A44 : A first eROSITA view of ultracool dwarfs (Stelzer+, 2022https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A10https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A10https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A10http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A10GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/661/A10/clusters (eFEDS PS cluster catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A10/clusters?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A10/clusters?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A10/clusters?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true127.0889-0.044363890.0055555555555555565/1032 5460 5463 5465 5468 6819 6825 6830-6831 6834 6842 10239 6/4097-4098 4102-4106 4109-4113 4115-4118 4120-4121 4123-4124 4132-4133 4136-4137 4160-4161 21830-21831 21835-21836 21838-21839 21844-21845 21847-21848 21850-21851 21869 21876-21878 21880-21881 21884 21886-21887 21972-21973 27269 27271 27274-27275 27280 27283 27287-27289 27291-27292 27295-27297 27299 27304-27305 27307 27309 27311 27314-27317 27319 27342 27361-27363 27365 27372 40947 40950-40951 40954-409559.54153977050123e-26 9.54153977050123e-26https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/661/A10?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/A+A/661/A10/clusterseFEDS PS cluster catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameeROSITA official source Name, eFEDS JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS (ERO_Name)meta.id;meta.maincharID-SRCSource ID in the Main Sample (ERO_ID_SRC)meta.idintRAJ2000Cluster right ascension (J2000) (ERO_RA_CORR)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Cluster declination (J2000) (ERO_DEC_CORR)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClassCluster class (CLUSTER_CLASS)meta.code.classintzRedshift (Z_LFC)src.redshiftdoublelambdaRichness (LAMBDA_LFC)src.class.richnessdoubleR500R500 from X-ray scaling relation (R500)kpcphys.size.radiusinte_R5001sigma lower limit of R500 (R500_L)kpcstat.errorintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharE_R5001sigma upper limit of R500 (R500_H)kpcstat.error;stat.maxintM500M500 from X-ray scaling relation (M500)solMassphys.massdoublee_M5001sigma lower limit of M500 (M500_L)solMassstat.errordoubleE_M5001sigma upper limit of M500 (M500_H)solMassstat.error;stat.maxdoubleL500L500 from X-ray scaling relation (L500)1e-07Wphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublee_L5001sigma lower limit of L500 (L500_L)1e-07Wstat.errordoubleE_L5001sigma upper limit of M500 (L500_H)1e-07Wstat.error;stat.maxdoubleTotalFlux? Flux of the BCG in 144 MHz (Total_flux)Jyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublenullablee_TotalFlux? 1sigma uncertainty of Total_flux (E_Total_flux)Jystat.errordoublenullablewithIRbrAGN[0/1] With IR bright AGN or not (with_IR_bright_AGN)meta.codeintinCDA[0/1] Chandra archival observation (inCDA)meta.codeintinXSA[0/1] XMM-Newton archival observation (inXSA)meta.codeintNotesNotes (notes)meta.notechar