J/A+A/660/A102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/660/A102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36600102CDSAcuna L.Lopez T.A.Morel T.Deleuil M.Mousis O.Aguichine A.,Marcq E.Santerne A.2022-11-13T17:24:59Z2022-09-28T13:20:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsvisible-astronomyBoth rocky super-Earths and volatile-rich sub-Neptunes have been found simultaneously in multi-planetary systems, suggesting that these systems are appropriate to study different composition and formation pathways within the same environment. We perform a homogeneous interior structure analysis of five multi-planetary systems to explore compositional trends and their relation with planet formation. For one of these systems, K2-138, we present revised masses and stellar host chemical abundances to improve the constraints on the interior composition of its planets. We conducted a line-by-line differential spectroscopic analysis on the stellar spectra of K2-138 to obtain its chemical abundances and the planetary parameters. We selected multi-planetary systems with five or more low-mass planets (M<20M_{Earth}_) that have both mass and radius data available. We carried out a homogeneous interior structure analysis on the planetary systems K2-138, TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80. We estimated the volatile mass fraction of the planets in these systems assuming a volatile layer constituted of water in steam and supercritical phases. Our interior-atmosphere model took the effects of irradiation on the surface conditions into account. K2-138 inner planets present an increasing volatile mass fraction with distance from their host star, while the outer planets present an approximately constant water content. This is similar to the trend observed in TRAPPIST-1 in a previous analysis with the same interior-atmosphere model. The Kepler-102 system could potentially present this trend. In all multi-planetary systems, the low volatile mass fraction of the inner planets could be due to atmospheric escape, while the higher volatile mass fraction of the outer planets can be the result of accretion of ice-rich material in the vicinity of the ice line with later inward migration. Kepler-102 and Kepler-80 present inner planets with high core mass fractions which could be due to mantle evaporation, impacts, or formation in the vicinity of rocklines.2022A&A...660A.102Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/660/A102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/660/A102/table3 (Masses, radii, semi-major axis, and irradiation temperature for the multi-planetary systems TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.3012625-30.45374030.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/660/A102/table4 (Retrieved core mass fraction and water mass fraction of planets in the multi-planetary systems K2-138, TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80, with our interior-atmosphere model)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true348.9490356-10.84969390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/660/A102/table5 (Atmospheric parameters retrieved for the planets whose composition can accommodate a water-dominated atmosphere (see text))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A102/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true348.9490356-10.84969390.0055555555555555566/14753 14757 15060 16472 17149https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/660/A102?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/660/A102/table3Masses, radii, semi-major axis, and irradiation temperature for the multi-planetary systems TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemSystem namemeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanet designation within the systemmeta.code.multipcharMMasssolMassphys.massfloatE_MMass error (upper limit)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_MMass error (lower limit)solMassstat.errorfloatRRadiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatE_RRadius error (upper limit)solRadstat.error;stat.maxfloate_RRadius error (lower limit)solRadstat.errorfloatadSemi-major axisAUphys.size.smajAxisfloatTirrIrradiation temperatureKphys.temperatureintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/660/A102/table4Retrieved core mass fraction and water mass fraction of planets in the multi-planetary systems K2-138, TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80, with our interior-atmosphere modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemSystem namemeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanet designation within the systemmeta.code.multipcharCMFCore mass fractionphys.massfloatE_CMFCore mass fraction error (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_CMFCore mass fraction error (lower value)stat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_WMFLimit flag on WMFmeta.code.errorcharWMFWater mass fractionphys.massfloatE_WMF? Water mass fraction error (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_WMF? Water mass fraction error (lower value)stat.errorfloatnullablel_dobs-retLimit flag on dobs-retmeta.code.errorchardobs-retDifference between the observational mean and the retrieved mean in {sigma} unit (1)obs.param;arith.difffloatl_DMH2Limit flag on DMH2meta.code.errorcharDMH2Maximum estimate of atmospheric escape mass loss due to H_2_(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass.lossfloatl_DMH2OLimit flag on DMH2Ometa.code.errorcharDMH2OMaximum estimate of atmospheric escape mass loss due to water Jeans escape(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass.lossfloatl_DMXUVLimit flag on DMXUVmeta.code.errorcharDMXUVMaximum estimate of atmospheric escape mass loss due to XUV photoevaporation(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass.lossfloatJ/A+A/660/A102/table5Atmospheric parameters retrieved for the planets whose composition can accommodate a water-dominated atmosphere (see text)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSystemSystem namemeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanet designation within the systemmeta.code.multipcharTirrEquilibrium temperature assuming a null albedoKphys.temperatureintT300Atmospheric temperature at 300 barKphys.temperatureinte_T300Atmospheric temperature at 300 bar errorKstat.errorintzatmThickness of the atmosphere from the 300 bar to 20 mbarkmstat.fit.paramfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_zatmThickness of the atmosphere from the 300 bar to 20 mbar errorkmstat.errorintAbPlanetary Bond albedophys.albedofloate_AbPlanetary Bond albedo errorstat.errorfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main