J/A+A/659/A1ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/659/A1doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36590001CDSShimwell T.W.Hardcastle M.J.Tasse C.Best P.N.Roettgering H.J.A.,Williams W.L.Botteon A.A.DrabentMechev A.Shulevski A.,van Weeren R.J.Bester L.Brueggen M.Brunetti G.Callingham J.R.,Chyzy K.T.Conway J.E.Dijkema T.J.Duncan K.de Gasperin F.Hale C.L.,Haverkorn M.Hugo B.Jackson N.Mevius M.Miley G.K.Morabito L.K.,Morganti R.Offringa A.Oonk J.B.R.Rafferty D.Sabater J.,Smith D.J.B.Schwarz D.J.Smirnov O.O'Sullivan S.P.Vedantham H.,White G.J.Albert J.G.Alegre L.Asabere B.Bacon D.J.Bonafede A.,Bonnassieux E.Brienza M.Bilicki M.Bonato M.Calistro Rivera G.,Cassano R.Cochrane R.Croston J.H.V.CucitiDallacasa D.Danezi A.,Dettmar R.J.Di Gennaro G.Edler H.W.Ensslin T.A.Emig K.L.,Franzen T.M.O.Garcia-Vergara C.Grange Y.G.Guerkan G.Hajduk M.,Heald G.Heesen V.Hoang D.N.Hoeft M.Horellou C.Iacobelli M.,Jamrozy M.Jelic V.Kondapally R.Kukreti P.Kunert-Bajraszewska M.,Magliocchetti M.Mahatma V.Malek K.Mandal S.Massaro F.,Meyer-Zhao Z.Mingo B.Mostert R.I.J.Nair D.G.Nakoneczny S.J.,Nikiel-Wroczynski B.Orru E.Pajdosz-Smierciak U.Pasini T.,Prandoni I.van Piggelen H.E.Rajpurohit K.Retana-Montenegro E.,Riseley C.J.Rowlinson A.Saxena A.Schrijvers C.Sweijen F.,Siewert T.M.Timmerman R.Vaccari M.Vink J.West J.L.Wolowska A.,Zhang X.Zheng J.2024-06-19T12:24:49Z2022-02-25T08:34:46ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysradio-continuum-emissionIn this data release from the ongoing LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) we present 120-168MHz images covering 27% of the northern sky. Our coverage is split into two regions centred at approximately 12h45m +44{deg}30' and 1h00m +28{deg}00' and spanning 4178 and 1457 square degrees respectively. The images were derived from 3,451 hrs (7.6 PB) of LOFAR High Band Antenna data which were corrected for the direction-independent instrumental properties as well as direction-dependent ionospheric distortions during extensive, but fully automated, data processing. A catalogue of 4396228 radio sources is derived from our total intensity (Stokes I) maps, where the majority of these have never been detected at radio wavelengths before. At 6"resolution, our full bandwidth Stokes I continuum maps with a central frequency of 144MHz have: a median rms sensitivity of 83mJy/beam; a flux density scale accuracy of approximately 10%; an astrometric accuracy of 0.2"; and we estimate the point-source completeness to be 90% at a peak brightness of 0.8mJy/beam. By creating three 16MHz bandwidth images across the band we are able to measure the in-band spectral index of many sources, albeit with an error on the derived spectral index of >+/-0.2 which is a consequence of our flux-density scale accuracy and small fractional bandwidth. Our circular polarisation (Stokes V) 20" resolution 120-168 MHz continuum images have a median rms sensitivity of 95uJy/beam, and we estimate a Stokes I to Stokes V leakage of 0.056%. Our linear polarisation (Stokes Q and Stokes U) image cubes consist of 480x97.6kHz wide planes and have a median rms sensitivity per plane of 10.8mJy/beam at 4' and 2.2mJy/beam at 20"; we estimate the Stokes I to Stokes Q/U leakage to be approximately 0.2%. Here we characterise and publicly release our Stokes I, Q, U and V images in addition to the calibrated uv-data to facilitate the thorough scientific exploitation of this unique dataset.2022A&A...659A...1Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/659/A1CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/622/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey DR1 source catalog (Shimwell+, 2019)lofar-surveys.org : LOFAR surveys home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/659/A1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/659/A1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/659/A1https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/659/A1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/659/A1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/659/A1GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/659/A1/catalog (Raw radio component catalogue of LoTSS-DR2)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/659/A1/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/659/A1/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/659/A1/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true170.4278446.928360.0055555555555555562/8 21-23 28 38 41-44 79 3/11 36 40 78-79 83 97 100-101 116 143 147-150 161-163 180 184 208-209 311 315 447 511 4/41-43 56 58 152 164 168 303 309-311 325-327 329-331 387 396-397 399 408 412-413 415 468-470 472-474 484-485 565-567 569-571 581-583 586-587 604 624 626 632 634-635 641-643 726 728-730 740-742 744-746 789-791 840-841 843-846 848-850 936 938-940 1237-1239 1241-1243 1253-1255 1257-1259 1781-1783 1785-1787 2039 2041 2043 5/142-143 161-163 228 230 236 238-239 250 592 594-595 598 600-602 612-614 616-618 660-662 664-666 676-678 680-682 1151 1207 1211 1231 1235 1295 1299 1315 1543 1573 1592-1593 1636-1638 1640 1657 1684 1749 1884 1900 1904 1920-1921 1924-1925 1927 1945 1948 1984 2175 2223 2239 2255 2259 2275 2323 2339 2341-2343 2420 2424 2500 2508 2510 2532 2534-2535 2552 2554 2563 2896 2898-2899 2902 2908 2910 2924 2928 2972 2988 2992 3008 3153-3155 3185 3189 3191 3368-3369 3371 3388 3404 3408 3413 3424 3460-3461 3472 3714 3720 3722-3723 3749-3751 3768 4605-4607 4861-4863 4925-4927 4941-4943 4945-4947 4961-4963 5005-5007 5009-5011 5025-5027 7007 7029-7031 7036-7037 7039 7103 7119 7123 7139 8127 8143 8150-8151 8153-8155 8163 8169-8171 6/618 623 634 638-639 810-811 814 918 924 926 948 950-951 994 2372 2374 2412 2414 2416-2418 2460-2461 2476-2478 2480-2481 2496-2498 2652 2654 2668 2670 2672-2674 2716-2718 2732-2734 2736-2738 2752-2753 2816-2818 4599 4602-4603 4821 4823 4825 4827 4837 4839 4841 4843 4918-4919 4922-4923 4934-4935 4939 5173 5175 5179 5191 5195 5255 5259 6165 6167 6169 6171 6181-6183 6188-6189 6191 6288-6289 6291 6301 6303 6325 6327 6333 6376-6377 6380-6381 6383 6556-6558 6564-6566 6568-6569 6576-6577 6624-6625 6627 6725 6727 6740 6742 6993 7540-7542 7544-7546 7604-7606 7608-7610 7620-7622 7624-7626 7796 7798 7940-7942 7944-7946 8695 8699 8891 8936 8938-8939 8949 8951 8953 8955 9015 9018-9019 9031 9035 9093 9095 9097 9099 9271 9275 9277-9279 9287 9291 9351 9355 9361-9363 9684 9700 9704 10004 10008 10010-10011 10014 10036 10038 10044 10132 10134-10135 10184 10186 10212 10214 10220 10222 10247 10251 11588 11590-11591 11614 11636 11638 11700-11702 11704-11706 11708 11716-11718 11720-11722 11728 11892-11894 11896-11898 11956-11958 11960-11962 11972-11974 11976-11978 12036-12038 12040-12042 12044 12048 12573 12575 12597 12599 12737 12752-12753 12755 12761 12763 12788-12789 12791 13480-13481 13483 13556 13560 13620 13624 13636 13640 13649 13700 13704 13828-13829 13831 13849 13852-13853 13892 13896 14884 14886-14887 14899 14904-14906 14909-14911 14954-14955 14958-14959 14993-14995 15056 15058 15064 15076 15080 19421-19423 19437-19439 19441-19443 19679 19694-19695 19699 19743 19759 19763 19843 19999 20014-20015 20018-20019 20034-20035 20099 28023 28027 28103 28109 28111 28113-28115 28133 28153-28155 28407 28411 28470-28471 28474-28475 28486-28487 28491 28551 28555 32507 32591 32595 32598-32599 32610-32611 32673-32675https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/659/A1?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/659/A1/catalogRaw radio component catalogue of LoTSS-DR2NpointThe number of pointings that are mosaiced at the position of the source (Number_Pointings)meta.numberintMaskFractThe fraction of the source that is in the CLEAN mask (Masked_Fraction)meta.codefloatSourceThe radio name of the source, automatically generated from RA and DEC (Source_Name)meta.id;meta.maincharindexedRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (RA) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RAJ2000rms uncertainty on RA (E_RA) (2)arcsecstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DEJ2000rms uncertainty on DE (E_DEC) (2)arcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatSpeakThe peak Stokes I flux density per beam of the source (Peak_flux)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublee_SpeakThe 1-sigma error on the peak flux density per beam of the source (E_Peak_flux)mJy/beamstat.errorfloatSpeakTotThe total, integrated Stokes I flux density of the source at the reference frequency (Total_flux)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublee_SpeakTotThe 1-sigma error on the total flux density of the source (E_Total_flux)mJystat.errorfloatMajFWHM of the major axis of the source, INCLUDING convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (Maj)arcsecphys.angSizefloate_MajThe 1-sigma error on the FWHM of the major axis of the source (E_Maj)arcsecstat.errorfloatMinFWHM of the minor axis of the source, INCLUDING convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (Min)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_DCPAThe 1-sigma error on the position angle of the deconvolved major axis of the source (E_DC_PA)degstat.errorfloatIslrmsThe average background rms value of the island (Isl_rms)mJy/beamstat.errorfloatSCodeA code that defines the source structure in terms of the fitted Gaussian components (S_Code) (3)meta.codecharMosaicThe name mosaic in which the FITS image can be found (Mosaic_ID)meta.idchare_MinThe 1-sigma error on the FWHM of the minor axis of the source (E_Min)arcsecstat.error;stat.minfloatDCMajThe FWHM of the major axis of the source, after de-convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (DC_Maj)arcsecphys.angSizefloate_DCMajThe 1-sigma error on the FWHM of the deconvolved major axis of the source (E_DC_Maj)arcsecstat.errorfloatDCMinThe FWHM of the minor axis of the source, after de-convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (DC_Min)arcsecphys.angSizefloate_DCMinThe 1-sigma error on the FWHM of the deconvolved minor axis of the source (E_DC_Min)arcsecstat.errorfloatPAThe position angle of the major axis of the source measured east of north, after de-convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (PA)degpos.posAngfloate_PAThe 1-sigma error on the position angle of the deconvolved major axis of the source (E_PA)degstat.errorfloatDCPAThe position angle of the major axis of the source measured east of north, after de-convolution with the 6-arcsec LOFAR beam (DC_PA)degpos.posAngfloat