J/A+A/658/A160ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/658/A160doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36580160CDSYang A.Y.Urquhart J.S.Wyrowski F.Thompson M.A.Konig C.Colombo D.,Menten K.M.Duarte-Cabral A.Schuller F.Csengeri T.Eden D.Barnes P.,Traficante A.Bronfman L.Sanchez-Monge A.Ginsburg A.Cesaroni R.,Lee M.-Y.Beuther H.Medina S.-N.X.Mazumdar P.Henning T.2022-08-25T11:40:43Z2022-02-16T08:10:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frearly-type-starsinterstellar-mediumaccretionradio-astronomyThe formation processes of massive stars are still unclear but a picture is emerging involving accretion disks and molecular outflows in what appears to be a scaled-up version of lower-mass star formation. A census of outflow activity towards high-mass star-forming clumps in various evolutionary stages has the potential to shed light on high-mass star formation. We conduct an outflow survey toward ATLASGAL (APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy) clumps, using SEDIGISM (structure, Excitation, and Dynamics of the Inner Galactic InterStellar Medium) data and aim to obtain a large sample of clumps exhibiting outflow activity in different evolutionary stages. We identify the high-velocity wings of the ^13^CO lines, indicating outflow activity, toward ATLASGAL clumps by (1) extracting the simultaneously observed ^13^CO(2-1) and C^18^O(2-1) spectra from SEDIGISM, and (2) subtracting the scaled C^18^O (cores emission) from the ^13^CO, after considering opacity broadening. We have detected high-velocity gas towards 1192 clumps out of a total sample of 2052 corresponding to an overall detection rate of 58%. Outflow activity has been detected from the earliest (apparently) quiescent clumps (i.e., 70 microns weak), to the most evolved HII region stages (i.e., 8 micron bright with tracers of massive star formation). The detection rate increases as a function of evolution (quiescent = 51%, protostellar = 47%, YSO = 57%, UCHII regions = 76%). Our sample is the largest outflow sample identified so far. The high detection rate from this large sample is consistent with the results of similar studies reported in the literature and supports the scenario that outflows are a ubiquitous feature of high-mass star formation. The lower detection rate in early evolutionary stages could be due to the fact that outflows in the early stages are weak and difficult to detect. We obtain a statistically significant number of outflow clumps for every evolutionary stage, especially for outflow clumps in the earliest stages (i.e., 70 microns dark cloud or massive starless core).2022A&A...658A.160Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/658/A160CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula and Maddalena Cloud structuresJ/A+A/417/615 : Maser and outflows in UC HII region (Codella+, 2004)J/A+A/426/503 : High velocity molecular outflows (Update) (Wu+ 2004)J/AJ/131/2525 : MAGPIS 20cm survey (Helfand+, 2006)J/A+A/453/1003 : SCUBA ultracompact HII regions (Thompson+, 2006)J/A+A/472/187 : 12CO outflows towards submm cores in PerseusJ/ApJS/184/1 : Molecular clouds in the LMC by NANTEN. II. (Kawamura+, 2009)J/ApJ/723/1019 : Galactic SFR and gas surface densities (Heiderman+, 2010)J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011)J/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013)J/A+A/557/A94 : SiO and HCO+ massive molecular outflowsJ/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL compact HII regions (Urquhart+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/566 : Methanol maser associated outflows (de Villiers+, 2014)J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)J/A+A/570/A65 : ATLASGAL massive clumps CO depletion (Giannetti+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1555 : ATLASGAL massive star forming clumps (Urquhart+, 2014)J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive molecular outflows distance-limited sampleJ/MNRAS/446/3461 : 6.7-GHz methanol masers-dust associations (Urquhart+, 2015)J/AJ/152/92 : Ammonia & CO outflow around methanol masers (Li+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust characterizationJ/MNRAS/473/1059 : Complete sample of Galactic clumps (Urquhart+, 2018)J/A+A/611/A6 : ATLASGAL massive clumps H_2_CO data (Tang+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A103 : A catalogue of northern ultra-compact H II regionsJ/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows associated with ATLASGAL clumpshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/658/A160https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/658/A160http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/658/A160https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/658/A160https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/658/A160http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/658/A160GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/658/A160/table1 (Clump properties of the selected 2052 ATLASGAL clumps searched for outflows)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/658/A160/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/658/A160/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/658/A160/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.1873683-24.59437140.0055555555555555565/7278 10420 10444 10451 10453 10542-10543 10556 6/28802 28808 28810 28901 28912-28913 28915-28916 28918-28919 29090-29091 29094 29096-29097 29100-29101 29103 29118-29119 29162 29460-29461 29504-29505 29507 41598-41599 41653-41655 41658-41662 41671 41673 41675-41678 41684-41685 41688 41696-41698 41758-41759 41763 41766-41767 41769-41770 41772-41773 41780-41781 41802-41803 41811 41816-41817 41820 42155 42158-42159 42207 42210-42211 42213-42217 42220 42228-42229 42378-42379 42381-42383 42390-42393 42396-42397 42434-42435 42438-42441 42444-42445 42450-42451 42454-42457 42460-42461 42496-42498 42500-42501 43013-43015 43024https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/658/A160?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/658/A160/table1Clump properties of the selected 2052 ATLASGAL clumps searched for outflowsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAGALATLASGAL identifier (GLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDist? Heliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloatnullablelogLb? Log bolometric luminosity (1)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablelogMc? Log clump mass (1)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablelogNH2? Log peak H_2_ column density (1)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatnullablelognH2? Mean volume density (1)log(cm**-3)phys.densityfloatnullableSIGMA? Mean mass surface density (1)solMass.pc**-2phys.density;stat.meanfloatnullableCH3OH[Y/N] methanol maser detection (2)meta.codecharH2O[Y/N] water maser detection (2)meta.codecharSiO[Y/N] SiO detection (2)meta.codechar13COindicates 13CO outflow calculations in table3meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/658/A160/table313CO outflow calculations of all blue and red wings for 1192 ATLASGAL clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAGALATLASGAL identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar13COVelObserved peak ^13^CO velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloat13COTmbMain-beam temperature of ^13^CO (1)Kphot.antennaTempfloat18COVelObserved peak C^18^O velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloat18COTmbMain-beam temperature of C^18^O (1)Kphot.antennaTempfloatb_DelVb? Lower velocity range of ^13^CO blue wingkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableB_DelVb? Upper velocity range of ^13^CO blue wingkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableb_DelVr? Lower velocity range of ^13^CO red wingkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableB_DelVr? Upper velocity range of ^13^CO red wingkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableVmaxb? Maximum projected velocity for blue (2)km/sphys.veloc;stat.maxfloatnullableVmaxr? Maximum projected velocity for red (2)km/sphys.veloc;stat.maxfloatnullable