J/A+A/656/A51ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/656/A51doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36560051CDSGonzalez-Santamaria I.Manteiga M.Manchado A.Ulla A.Dafonte C.,Lopez Varela P.2021-12-07T01:03:35Z2021-12-03T08:58:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frplanetary-nebulaephotometryThe Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), published in December 2020, features improved photometry and astrometry compared to that published in the previous DR2 file and includes a substantially larger number of sources, of the order of 2000 million, making it a paradigm of big data astronomy. Many of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) are inherently faint and difficult to identify within the field of the nebula itself. Gaia measurements may be relevant not only in identifying the ionising source of each nebula, but also in the study their physical and evolutionary properties. We demonstrate how Gaia data mining can effectively help to solve the issue of central star misidentification, a problem that has plagued the field since its origin. As we did for DR2, our objective is to present a catalogue of CSPNe with astrometric and photometric information in EDR3. From that catalogue, we selected a sample of stars with high-quality astrometric parameters, on which we carried out a more accurate analysis of CSPNe properties. Gaia GBP-GRP colours allow us to select the sources with sufficient temperatures to ionise the nebula. In order to estimate the real colour of a source, it is important to take into account interstellar extinction and, in the case of compact nebulae, nebular extinction when available. In addition, distances derived from EDR3 parallaxes (combined with consistent literature values) can be used to obtain nebular intrinsic properties from those observed. With this information, CSPNe can be plotted in an Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. From information on the spectral classification of the CS (from the literature) and evolutionary models for post-AGB stars, their evolutionary state can then be analysed. Furthermore, EDR3 high-quality astrometric data enable us to search for objects comoving with CSs in the field of each nebula by detecting sources with parallaxes and proper motions similar to those of the CS. We present a catalogue of 2035 PNe with their corresponding CS identification from among Gaia EDR3 sources. We obtain the distances for those with known parallaxes in EDR3 (1725 PNe). In addition, for a sub-sample (405 PNe) with the most accurate distances, we obtain different nebular properties such as their Galactic distribution, radius, kinematic age, and morphology. Furthermore, for a set of 74 CSPNe, we present the evolutionary state (mass and age) derived from their luminosities and effective temperatures from evolutionary models. Finally, we highlight the detection of several wide binary CSPNe through an analysis of the EDR3 astrometric parameters, and we contribute to shedding some light on the relevance of close binarity in CSPNe.2021A&A...656A..51Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/656/A51CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A51https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A51GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1 (Gaia EDR3 sources identified as CSPNe, main table)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.5416-29.31830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1c (Gaia EDR3 sources identified as CSPNe, complementary table)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1c?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1c?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A51/tablea1c?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true264.4289-27.81950.0055555555555555564/1803-1804 5/3246 3590 7174-7176 7178-7180 7182-7183 7193-7195 7198-7200 7204-7205 7208-7209 7211 7221-7224 7226-7227 7230-7231 7264 7266 7291 7296 7300 7313 7316-7317 7321 7366 7564 7566 7578 7583 9433 10366 10438 10440 10448 10539 10589 10593 10613 10620 10623 10627 6/177 258 361 415 1051 1101 1109 1111 1179 1200 1223 1244-1245 1252 1284 1302 1335 1338 1340 1351 1358 1399 1445 1455-1456 1552 1562 1628 1653 1694 1718 1767 1778 1781 1783 1805 1811 1831 1844 1871 1891 1905 1967 1981 2162 2395 2522 2843 2852 2883 2887 2911 2920 2979 2993 2997 3002 3008 3020 3039 3056 3067 3089 3094 3128 3152 3199 3218 3291 3294-3295 3308 3316 3319 3324-3325 3332 3343 3350 3353 3365 3586 3604 3618 3621 3629 3637 3643 3651 3653 3659 3662 3681 3683 3720 3732 3736 3739 3768 3771 3779 3802 3819 3826 4244 4370 4690 5037 5591 5996 6015 6146 6202 6292 6654 6787 6857 7090 7134 7252 7392 7610 8475 8719 9233 9276 9461 9806 10049 11176 11339 11605 12222 12409 12474 12515 12520 12577 12692 12812 12827 12829 12832 12852 12857 12860 12862 12893 12907 12938 12942 12944 12950 12953 12959-12960 12963 12970-12972 12974 12976-12978 12981 12983 12988 12990 12992 12994 13000 13009 13016 13021 13028-13029 13032 13036 13039-13040 13042 13044 13048 13054-13055 13059 13076 13149 13182 13190 13215 13221 13224 13234 13257 13263 13265 13277 13291 13295 13301 13307 13397 13665 13676 13772 13786 13792 13796 13814 13955 13964 13968 13992 13995 13997 14011 14024 14045 14048 14054 14060 14076 14079 14115 14118 14172 14190 14198 14214 14226 14239 14245-14246 14251 14258 14279 14286 14293-14294 14299 14311 14320 14332 14338-14339 14343-14344 14348-14349 14353-14357 14373-14374 14382 14388-14389 14394 14401-14404 14408-14409 14415 14418 14428-14430 14432 14435-14438 14443 14446 14449-14453 14455 14460 14462 14464 14473 14482 14491 14569 14586 14592 14594 14596 14604 14608 14613 14618 14624 14626 14631-14632 14636 14638 14643-14644 14646 14654-14655 14660 14662 14709 14713 14719 14721 14727 14736 14740 14745 14786-14787 14792 14796 14803 14827 14853 14872 14876 14894 14940 14944 15105 15113 15118 15145 15172 15351 15375 15377 15379 15384 15393 15396 15407 15425 15429-15431 15437 15440 15451 15463 15472 15485-15486 15488 15502 15507 15552 15561 15566 15598 15621 15628 15630 15632 15639 15641 15648 15651-15652 15655 15661 15689 15698 15700 15719 15721 15739 15748 15750 15752 15764-15765 15839 15873 15914 15933 16036 16243 16260 16886 19121 19796 20400 20728 20753 20755 20764 20776 20788 20809 20816 20820 20826 20829 20855 20887 20914 20949 20951 20979-20980 21215 21218 21315 21327 21381 21512-21513 21523 21526-21527 21529 21540 21542-21543 21548 21551 21554 21600 21636 21641 21650-21651 21666 21669 21673 21688 21695 21706 21720 21729 21739 21756 21792 21818 21948 22022 22030 22047 22053 22083 22088 22093 22103 22123 22137 22160 22166-22167 22174 22180 22182 22228 22269 22279-22280 22362 22440 22458 22478 22660 22816 23319 23389 23576 23594 23621 23626 23632 23658 23663 23671 23688 23704 23734 23746 23768 23793-23794 23830 23865 23889 23905 23947 23949 23999 24008 24036 24140 24183 24321 24356 24361 24368 24376 24379 24382 24395 24448 24450 24480 24484 24497 24522 24555 25008 27161 27192 28126 28675-28676 28678-28680 28685-28687 28689 28691 28693 28709-28711 28725-28727 28738 28745-28747 28749 28751 28753-28756 28758-28759 28765-28767 28769-28771 28784 28786 28791 28804-28805 28807 28810-28812 28814 28825 28827-28829 28840 28842-28843 28880-28882 28900-28902 28914 28917 28932 28937-28938 28941 28943 28956 28958 28960 28969-28973 28975-28977 28980 28984-28986 28991 29003 29022 29024-29025 29032 29036-29037 29039 29052-29053 29061-29063 29070 29074-29075 29078-29079 29081 29083 29087-29088 29092-29094 29096 29100-29102 29104-29105 29108-29109 29115 29118-29119 29121 29124 29126 29130 29134 29142 29145 29147 29154-29155 29157 29160-29161 29163 29168 29171 29174 29176-29177 29182 29188-29189 29192-29193 29198 29205-29210 29212-29214 29219 29232-29233 29236 29248-29250 29256-29257 29259-29262 29272 29274 29276-29278 29280 29292 29296-29298 29301 29303 29306 29309 29317 29326 29350 29392-29393 29405 29415 29427 29440 29442-29443 29445-29449 29451-29454 29457 29459-29460 29462 29470 29472 29476-29478 29481 29485 29488 29491 29494 29496 29502 29506-29507 29509 29513 29516 29518-29520 29525 29527-29528 29530-29531 29533 29537 29539 29541 29543 29547 29552 29557 29559 29561-29563 29566-29567 29571-29572 29585-29586 29595 29613 29654 29693 29718 29723-29725 29743 29775 29799 29834 29837 29839 29848 29850 29852 29857 29859 29861 29863 29866-29868 29870 29886 29899 29915 29922 29937 29946 30060 30110 30135 30186 30189 30209 30212 30214 30216 30218 30220 30222-30223 30225-30227 30231 30233-30234 30241 30245-30249 30251 30255 30262-30263 30270 30273 30276-30278 30281-30284 30288 30290 30295 30297 30299 30301 30303-30304 30306-30307 30310 30318 30323 30326-30328 30330 30337 30340 30342 30349 30355-30358 30362 30371 30378-30379 30385 30390 30397 30400-30401 30414 30421 30430 30434-30435 30438 30442 30452 30462 30476 30480 30498 30503-30505 30507 30511 30518 30522 30526-30527 30550 30568 30578 30593 30597-30598 30606-30608 30610 30613 30615 30619 30621 30625-30626 30629 30631 30635 30637 30641-30642 30646 30648-30649 30653 30656-30658 30660 30662-30666 30669-30670 30675 30684 30686-30687 30693 30696-30697 30699 30702 30704-30706 30709 30711-30712 30714 30719 30806-30807 31026 31095 31177 31318 31670 31775 31837 31847 31895 31902 32001 32005 32007 32020-32021 32028 32035 32042 32044 32066-32069 32071 32078-32080 32082-32083 32085 32087 32090 32092 32094 32101 32109 32124 32193 32372 32571 32581 33029 33790 34207 34676 36130 36938 37096 37110 37151 37172 37191 37204 37212 37234-37235 37242 37244-37245 37247 37277 37281 37310 37316-37317 37322-37324 37335-37337 37340 37345 37347-37348 37354 37360-37361 37363-37364 37367 37393 37565 37661 37673 37686 37693 37697 37701 37703 37705 37708 37710-37711 37716-37717 37720 37727 37730-37731 37736 37739 37743 37745 37748 37753 37757 37765 37783 37826 37835-37836 37851 37864 37870 37890 37894-37895 37902-37904 37913-37915 37918 37921-37923 37925 37927-37929 37932-37934 37941 37948 37959 37962-37963 37982 37991 38000-38002 38022 38031 38033-38034 38039 38041 38049 38057 38062-38064 38075 38086 38105 38151 38187 38230 38364 38406 38412 38432-38433 38436 38449 38475 38496 38512 38539 38541-38542 38563 38569 38572 38581 38763 39029 39143 39194 39198-39199 39215 39220-39221 39223 39232 39250 39261 39278-39279 39283 39285-39286 39291 39318 39320 39359-39360 39370-39371 39387 39398-39399 39407 39417 39419-39420 39497 39605 39702 39709 39711 39717 39741 39745 39749 39754 39775 39795 39801 39822 39852 39860 39871 39873-39874 39877 39897 39912 39921 39927 39935 39937 39956 39978 40013 40040 40064 40070 40075 40114 40117 40130 40168 40279 40433 40452 40480 40496 40510 40525 40571 40577 40587 40599 40610 40613-40614 40621 40629 40651 40898 41145 41174 41177 41186 41213 41268 41326 41336 41363 41371 41404-41406 41428 41434 41437 41439 41442 41448-41450 41452 41456 41461 41463 41468 41470-41471 41495 41525 41549 41551 41558 41567 41570 41572 41574-41576 41578 41580-41582 41586 41591-41592 41595-41597 41602 41608 41613 41617 41622-41624 41630-41631 41635-41636 41638-41641 41646-41649 41652 41656 41658-41659 41662 41664-41666 41669 41672-41674 41676 41678-41679 41682-41683 41685 41687 41690 41693 41695 41697 41699 41701-41702 41705 41710 41713 41718 41725 41728-41729 41732 41734 41736 41738 41741-41742 41745-41746 41748-41750 41757 41768-41770 41773-41775 41778-41779 41783 41785-41787 41789 41798-41799 41802-41803 41808-41809 41821-41822 41826 41828 41831-41832 41837 41841-41843 41849 41854 41857-41858 41862-41864 41869 41874 41876-41877 41881 41886 41892 41896 41903 41912 41936 41940 41946 41950 41952 42004-42005 42034 42037 42044 42056 42059 42074 42088 42090 42094-42095 42098-42099 42101 42109 42125 42133 42135 42137-42140 42142 42144 42147-42148 42151 42153 42155 42160 42162-42163 42168-42169 42172 42175-42176 42180-42181 42185-42186 42188 42190 42192-42194 42199 42201-42202 42205 42209 42212 42214-42215 42218-42219 42222-42223 42226-42227 42230 42232-42234 42237-42238 42254 42259 42267 42274 42279 42284-42285 42289-42292 42295-42296 42300 42302-42303 42306 42310 42312-42314 42319 42321 42327 42335 42337 42339 42342-42343 42346 42348-42349 42351 42353-42355 42360-42361 42363-42364 42366-42367 42371 42377 42380 42383 42386-42389 42392 42394 42396 42400 42410 42413 42417-42419 42421-42423 42425-42427 42431 42434-42437 42439-42440 42442-42443 42446 42460 42464 42466 42468 42470-42471 42473-42476 42478-42479 42484-42485 42487-42490 42496 42498 42502 42504-42505 42512 42517 42519 42521 42523 42526 42532 42534 42536 42540 42547 42560 42564 42572 42577 42579 42589 42598-42599 42601 42609 42621 42632 42639 42659 42664-42665 42691 42709 42711 42753 42756 42758 42770-42771 42773 42775 42792 42795 42801 42811 42819 42821-42822 42824 42828 42832-42833 42835-42837 42842 42853 42863 42872 42893 42897-42898 42956 43006 43008-43009 43011-43012 43016-43017 43019-43021 43024-43025 43029-43030 43035 43039 43043-43044 43046 43049 43053-43054 43063 43077-43078 43080 43083 43087 43092 43138-43139 43144-43145 43150 43152 43163 43169 43272-43273 43296 43360 43579 43588 43648 43787 44048 44110 44383 44416 44703 44707 44714 44936 44969 45075 45170 45243 46712 47100 47202 47466 47591 47618 47627 47651 47658 47661 47663 47711 47782 47785 47789 47791 47793 47795 47797 47799 47802 47855 47859 47867 47871 47921 47991 48009 48032 48035 48107 48146 48181 48775-48776 48803 48951 490831.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/656/A51?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/656/A51/tablea1Gaia EDR3 sources identified as CSPNe, main tablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAstromindicates astrometric parameters in tablea2meta.ref.urlcharPNGName given in PNG nomenclaturemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameCommon namemeta.idcharGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 ID numbermeta.idGroupIdentification reliability group (1)pos.lgcharRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainDangAngular distance to the nebular centre (2)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatGmag? Apparent magnitude in Gaia G bandmagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableBP-RP? Gaia BP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableAVInterstellar extinction in V magnitude (3)magphys.absorptionfloat(BP-RP)0? De-reddened Gaia BP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/A+A/656/A51/tablea1cGaia EDR3 sources identified as CSPNe, complementary tablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGName given in PNG nomenclaturemeta.id;meta.maincharONameCommon namemeta.idcharGaiaEDR3Gaia EDR3 ID numbermeta.idGroupIdentification reliability group (1)pos.lgcharRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainDangAngular distance to the nebular centre (2)arcsecpos.angDistancefloatGmag? Apparent magnitude in Gaia G bandmagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableBP-RP? Gaia BP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableAVInterstellar extinction in V magnitude (3)magphys.absorptionfloat(BP-RP)0? De-reddened Gaia BP-RP colourmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2016. (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/A+A/656/A51/tablea2Astrometric parameters of GAPN-EDR3 samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPNGName given in PNG nomenclaturemeta.id;meta.maincharPlxMeasured parallax from Gaia EDR3 (1)maspos.parallaxfloate_PlxMeasured parallax uncertainty form Gaia EDR3 (2)masstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDistEstimated distance from the Sun (3)pcpos.distanceintb_DistEstimated low bound of distance (3)pcpos.distanceintB_DistEstimated high bound of distance (3)pcpos.distanceintHeightCalculated galactic heightpcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticintRadang? Nebular mean angular radius (4)asphys.angSize;stat.meanfloatnullableRadphys? Nebular mean physical radiuspcphys.size.radius;stat.meanfloatnullableRV? Radial Velocity (5)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricintnullableMorphMorphological type (4)src.morph.typecharSpTypeSpectral type of Central Star (6)src.spTypechar