J/A+A/656/A49ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/656/A49doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36560049CDSHu Q.Zhang Y.Esamdin A.2023-01-17T10:46:11Z2021-12-02T10:00:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersgalaxy-classification-systemsThe properties of open clusters such as metallicity, age, and morphology are useful tools in studies of the dynamic evolution of open clusters. The morphology of open clusters can help us better understand the evolution of such structures. We aim to analyze the morphological evolution of 1256 open clusters by combining the shapes of the sample clusters in the proper motion space with their morphology in the two-dimensional spherical Galactic coordinate system, providing their shape parameters based on a member catalog derived from Gaia Second Data Release as well as data from the literature. We applied a combination of a nonparametric bivariate density estimation with the least square ellipse fitting to derive the shape parameters of the sample clusters. We derived the shape parameters of the sample clusters in the two-dimensional spherical Galactic coordinate system and that of the proper motion space. By analyzing the dislocation of the sample clusters, we find that the dislocation, d; is related to the X-axis pointing toward the Galactic center, Y-axis pointing in the direction of Galactic rotation, and the Z-axis (log(|H|/pc)) that is positive toward the Galactic north pole. This finding underlines the important role of the dislocation of clusters in tracking the external environment of the Milky Way. The orientation (q_pm_) of the clusters, with e_pm_>=0.4, presents an aggregate distribution in the range of -45{deg} to 45{deg}, comprising about 74% of them. This probably suggests that these clusters tend to deform heavily in the direction of the Galactic plane. NGC 752 is in a slight stage of expansion in the two-dimensional space and will become deformed, in terms of its morphology, along the direction perpendicular to the original stretching direction in the future if no other events occur. The relative degree of deformation of the sample clusters in the short-axis direction decreases as their ages increase. On average, the severely distorted sample clusters in each group account for about 26%~9%. This possibly implies a uniform external environment in the range of |H|<=300pc if the sample completeness of each group is not taken into account.2021A&A...656A..49Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/656/A49CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/656/A49https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A49https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A49http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/656/A49GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/656/A49/table1 (The parameters of 1256 open clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A49/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A49/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/656/A49/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.8734.98097220.0055555555555555565/324 764-765 826 3661 9483 9849 10594 6/463 862 1101 1117 1119 1218 1267 1276-1277 1283 1285 1287 1289 1302 1305 1308 1311 1317-1318 1325-1326 1332 1335 1339 1347 1351 1383 1385-1386 1423 1445-1446 1451-1452 1455 1457 1461-1462 1464 1481-1482 1486 1514 1539 1576 1582 1653 1662 1717-1718 1757 1781-1783 1789 1794 1801 1821 1839 1853 1890 1923 1930 1948 1956 2395 2436 2859 2897 2940 2942 3004 3009 3011 3015 3034-3035 3038 3040 3045-3047 3049-3050 3052 3054-3055 3066-3067 3076 3091 3097 3136 3142 3145 3147 3149 3153 3168 3170 3186 3201 3227 3230 3254 3256-3257 3259 3261-3262 3267 3274 3277 3280 3289 3298 3301 3308-3309 3312 3317 3335 3361-3362 3384 3493 3556 3584 3593 3595-3596 3598 3601 3604 3606 3608 3610-3611 3613 3615 3621-3623 3626-3627 3631-3633 3636 3638 3640 3642 3644-3645 3649 3654 3659-3660 3680 3687 3712 3715 3718 3722-3723 3738-3739 3743 3783 3796 3974 4078 4298 4698 6149 6307 6760 6817 6881 6894 12941 12943 12955 12968 12975 12978 12985 12990 13040 13048 13050 13055 13096 13198 13291 13304 13309 13786 13952 13962 13989 13992 13996 14013-14014 14033 14058 14076 14098 14162 14175 14182 14195 14210 14221 14223 14225 14233 14237 14242 14246 14251 14253-14255 14258 14263 14270 14282 14288 14292 14295 14297 14300-14301 14306-14307 14309-14310 14315 14321-14322 14324 14330-14331 14336 14346 14353 14356 14358 14363 14373 14384 14400 14402 14404 14410-14411 14415 14418-14419 14424 14427 14430 14438 14449 14452 14553 14571 14575 14603 14611 14620 14622 14624 14626-14630 14632-14633 14640 14642-14643 14650 14653 14689-14690 14693 14697 14700 14719 14730 14732 14740 14749 14752 14790 14800 14817 14878 15121 15363 15369 15371 15374 15376 15379 15381 15384-15386 15396 15410 15412 15417 15426 15430 15432 15434 15436 15443 15447-15449 15477-15478 15483 15497 15520 15595 15616 15622 15629 15632-15633 15636 15653 15662 15667 15671 15687 15693 15701 15709 15711 15759 15827 16490 20562 20745 20763 20797 20814-20815 20821-20823 20833 20837 20849 20853-20854 20863 20903 20939-20940 20951 20957 20966 20989 21325 21337-21338 21351 21369 21372 21456 21495 21504 21506 21509-21510 21513 21517-21520 21522-21523 21529 21531 21538 21540 21548-21550 21552 21557 21560-21561 21567 21586 21602 21606 21632-21633 21641 21643-21644 21647 21656-21658 21664 21670-21671 21677 21680 21682 21689 21694 21719 21741 21774 21925 22021 22032 22037-22038 22040 22058 22060 22065 22079 22093-22094 22097 22107 22112 22118 22121 22123 22130 22134 22161 22163 22183 22209-22211 22215-22216 22219 22224 22226 22235 22239 22245-22246 22249 22253 22260 22305 22311 22408 22433 22499 22859 22871 22880 22887 22895 22993 23410 23577 23580 23583 23612 23620-23621 23626 23632-23633 23637-23638 23640-23641 23645-23646 23663 23665 23669 23677 23696 23717 23745 23761 23765-23766 23768-23770 23784 23796-23797 23807 23840 23848 23861 23906 23936-23938 23950 23952 23964 23976 23979-23980 23994 24032 24057 24121 24130 24228 24291 24322 24326 24329-24330 24333 24344-24345 24350 24359 24361 24367 24376 24387 24427 24430 24461 24465-24466 24470 24472 24476 24489 24491 24496 24502 24508 24510 24513 24522 24527 24535 24544 24553 28709 28711 28715 28745 28800 28802 28806-28807 28809-28810 28812 28818 28822-28823 28825 28838 28868 28874 28879 28916 28918 28922 29027 29032 29035 29066 29078 29081-29082 29088 29092 29095 29106 29109 29113 29121 29154 29269 29456 29463 29497-29498 29509-29510 29520 29523 29530 29533 29728 29777 29868 30127 30208 30215 30221 30232 30235 30245 30247 30256 30271 30306 30308 30335 30427 30439 30506 30635 30646 30653 30692 30701 30704 30716-30717 31071 31757 31790 31812 31853 31865 32089 32111 33102 34538 37230-37231 37236-37237 37244 37279 37297 37320 37326 37332 37337 37342-37343 37348-37349 37351 37362 37364 37366 37368 37371 37373 37375 37592 37681 37705 37707 37711-37712 37714-37715 37717-37718 37721 37724 37726 37733 37737 37745 37750-37751 37753 37789-37790 37821 37835 37839 37841 37845 37859 37861 37863 37865 37867 37869-37870 37882 37886 37892 37895 37897 37901 37904 37906 37913-37914 37919-37920 37923 37926 37928-37929 37931 37938 37940 37942 37971 37992 38016 38018 38020-38021 38023-38024 38026 38041 38048 38051-38052 38054 38073 38242 38410 38418 38432 38441 38529 38537 38539 38578 38627 38638 39005 39131 39160 39181 39189 39191 39193 39196 39216 39233 39236-39237 39244-39246 39248 39251 39254 39257 39259 39274 39276 39279 39283-39286 39290 39321 39326 39354-39356 39359 39362 39369 39371 39373-39375 39385 39406 39413 39418-39420 39423 39709-39710 39714 39739 39751-39752 39754 39756 39760 39762-39763 39766 39770 39774-39777 39779 39781 39785 39789 39795 39797-39798 39801 39804-39806 39831-39832 39867 39871 39876 39879 39883 39894 39900-39902 39907 39910 39912 39919-39921 39929-39931 39934 39943-39944 39956 39974 39977 40064 40071 40101 40104-40106 40450-40451 40490 40586-40587 40601 40610 40612 40616 40618-40620 40625 40631 40633 40696 41445 41455 41461 41466 41557-41558 41577 41582 41595 41599 41613 41615 41620-41622 41629 41633 41646 41649 41652 41670 41672-41673 41675-41676 41678 41682 41688 41691-41692 41697 41699 41701 41703 41710 41740 41747 41765 41768 41770-41771 41773 41775 41789 41799 41809 41829 41834 41846 41856 41858 41863 41878 41893 41922 41928 41995 42029 42135 42150 42153-42155 42159 42163-42164 42166 42170 42177 42192 42197 42202-42203 42207-42210 42213 42216 42218 42225 42227 42268 42274 42303 42353 42364-42365 42367 42374 42387 42394 42396 42399 42402 42417 42420 42432 42435 42437 42452 42456 42458 42464 42470 42486 42496 42500 42516 42548 42583 42846 43012 43016 43018-43019 43021-43022 43024 43026 43033-43034 43036 43040 43044 43047-43048 43050 43052 43136-43137 43140 43301 47621https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/656/A49?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/656/A49/table1The parameters of 1256 open clustersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharecoreEllipticity of the coresrc.ellipticityfloate_ecoreError corresponding to ellipticity of the corestat.errorfloatqcoreOrientation of the coredegpos.posAngdoubleeallEllipticity of the overallsrc.ellipticityfloate_eallError corresponding to ellipticity of the overallstat.errorfloatqallOrientation of the overalldegpos.posAngdoubleacoreHalf-length axes of the coredegphys.angSizefloate_acoreError corresponding to half-length axes of the coredegstat.errorfloatccoreHalf-short axes of the coredegphys.angSize;srcfloate_ccoreError corresponding to half-short axes of the coredegstat.errorfloataallHalf-length axes of the overalldegphys.angSizefloate_aallError corresponding to half-length axes of the overalldegstat.errorfloatcallHalf-short axes of the overalldegphys.angSize;srcfloate_callError corresponding to half-short axes of the overalldegstat.errorfloatepmEllipticity in proper motionsrc.ellipticityfloate_epmError of ellipticity in proper motionstat.errorfloatqpmOrientation in proper motiondegpos.pm;pos.posAngdouble_RAPositions from Simbad and B/ocl (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Simbad and B/ocl (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main