J/A+A/654/A52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36540052CDSCodella C.Bianchi E.Podio L.Mercimek S.Ceccarelli C.,Lopez-Sepulcre A.Bachiller R.Caselli P.Sakai N.Neri R.Fontani F.,Favre C.Balucani N.Lefloch B.Viti S.Yamamoto S.2022-01-19T12:38:21Z2021-10-09T12:49:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyinterferometryRecent results in astrochemistry have revealed that some molecules, such as interstellar complex organic species and deuterated species, can serve as valuable tools in the investigation of star-forming regions. Sulphuretted species can also be used to follow the chemical evolution of the early stages of a Sun-like star formation process. The goal is to obtain a census of S-bearing species using interferometric images towards SVS13-A, a Class I object associated with a hot corino that is rich in interstellar complex organic molecules. To this end, we used the NGC1333 SVS13-A data at 3mm and 1.4mm obtained with the IRAM-NOEMA interferometer in the framework of the SOLIS (Seeds of Life in Space) Large Program. The line emission of S-bearing species was imaged and analyzed using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and large velocity gradient (LVG) approaches. We imaged the spatial distribution on <=300au scale of the line emission of ^32^SO, ^34^SO, C^32^S, C^34^S, C^33^S, OCS, H_2_C^32^S, H_2_C^34^S, and NS. The low excitation (9K) ^32^SO line traces: (i) the low-velocity SVS13-A outflow and (ii) the fast (up to 100km/s away from the systemic velocity) collimated jet driven by the nearby SVS13-B Class 0 object. Conversely, the rest of the lines are confined in the inner SVS13-A region, where complex organics were previously imaged.More specifically, the non-LTE LVG analysis of SO, SO_2_, and H_2_CS indicates a hot corino origin (size in the 60-120au range). Temperatures between 50K and 300K, as well as volume densities larger than 10^5^cm^-3^ have been derived. The abundances of the sulphuretted are in the following ranges: 0.3-6x10^-6^ (CS), 7x10^-9^-1x10^-7^ (SO), 1-10x10^-7^ (SO_2_), a few 10^-10^ (H_2_CS and OCS), and 10^-10^-10^-9^ (NS). The N(NS)/N(NS+) ratio is larger than 10, supporting the assessment that the NS+ ion is mainly formed in the extended envelope. The [H_2_CS]/[H_2_CO] ratio, once measured at high-spatial resolutions, increases with time (from Class 0 to Class II objects) by more than one order of magnitude (from <=10^-2^ to a few 10^-1^). This suggests that [S]/[O] changes along the process of Sun-like star formation. Finally, the estimate of the [S]/[H] budget in SVS13-A is 2%-17% of the Solar System value (1.8x10^-5^), which is consistent with what was previously measured towards Class 0 objects (1%-8%). This finding supports the notion that the enrichment of the sulphuretted species with respect to dark clouds remains constant from the Class 0 to the Class I stages of lowmass star formation. The present findings stress the importance of investigating the chemistry of star-forming regions using large observational surveys as well as sampling regions on the scale of the Solar System.2021A&A...654A..52Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/654/A52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/605/A57 : SOLIS. I. OMC2-FIR4 HC_3_N and HC_5_N images (Fontani+, 2017)J/A+A/605/L3 : SOLIS. II. L1157-B1 NH_2_CHO image (Codella+, 2017)J/A+A/637/A63 : SOLIS. VI. NGC 1333-IRAS4A radio images (Taquet+, 2020)J/A+A/640/A74 : SOLIS. VIII. L1157-B1 spectra (Spezzano+, 2020)J/A+A/640/A75 : SOLIS. X. NGC 1333 IRAS 4A images (De Simone+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/654/A52/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A52/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A52/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A52/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true52.2655131.267690.0055555555555555566/862https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/654/A52?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/654/A52/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fits